Scrophulariaceae Family contain a lot of herbal drugs

Scruphulariaceae Family

1. Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family) Introduction and Plants

2. Introduction Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, are a family of flowering plants. The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L. including about 275 genera and over 5,000 species. Habit: The plants are annual or perennial herbs or under-shrubs. Habitat: Members of the Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.

3. Leaves Leaves are simple, alternate, opposite or whorled exstipulate and some times exhibit heterophylly. Inflorescence Racemose (Raceme or spike) and sometimes cymose. It can be axillary or terminal. Flowers are solitary in some species. Flower Zygomorphic, two-lipped and some times personate( two lips in the form of a face). Bisexual and Hypogynous. Bracts and bracteoles are generally present.

4. Corolla 5 petals, gamopetalous, often two lipped and sometimes spurred or saccate (A bony outgrowth or sac like). Zygomorphic and rarely regular. CALYX 5 sepals, gamosepalous five lobbed and often imbricate (to overlap in a regular pattern) Androecium 4 stamens, didynamous , sometimes 2, arching over in pairs. Gynoecium Bicarpillary , syncarpous, ovary superior, bilocular. Placentation is axile. Fruit Mostly capsule and sometimes berry

5. Floral diagram Floral formula: % ⚥ K (5) C (5) A 4-2 G ( 2)

6. Digitalis

7. Botanical origin: Digitalis lanata , Digitalis purpurea Common Name: Grecian foxglove, Purple foxglove, Digitalis Digitalis is from Latin word----- Digitus --- Finger (Finger shaped corolla) Purpurea is a Latin word-------purple color Part used: Dried leaves Habit: Biennial herb Habitat: D. lanata is found in Europe, England and India. D. purpurea is found in England, Germany, France, India, Mexico, Nepal.

8. Constituents: D. purpurea It contains primary and secondary glycosides. Primary glycosides are; Purpurea glycoside A (3-igitoxose,1 glucose) Purpurea glycoside B (3-digitoxose, 1 glucose) Glucogitaloxin.(3 digitoxose , 1 glucose) Purpurea A and B are present in fresh leaves Digitoxigenin-------Purpurea glycoside A Gitoxigenin-------- Purpurea glycoside B Gitaloxigenin ------ Gluco-gitaloxin

9. D. lanata It also contains cardiac glycosides like lanatoside A, B, C, D and E. Lanatoside A and B are acetyl derivatives purpurea A and On hydrolysis Lanatoside C yields digoxin. Digitoxigenin------- Lanatoside A Gitoxigenin--------- Lanatoside B Digoxigenin-------- Lanatoside C Diginatigenin ------- Lanatoside D Gitaloxigenin ------- Lanatoside E

10. Medicinal uses D. Purpurea It is used in chronic heart failure, in the treatment of internal hemorrhages, in inflammatory diseases, in epilepsy and other diseases. D. lanata It has cardiac effect 3to 4 times greater than purpurea. It is commercial source of digoxin. It is used in the treatment of CHF

11. Verbascum

12. Botanical origion : Verbascum thapus Common Name: Mullein leaves Part used: Dried leaves Habit: Biennial herb Habitat: Found in Europe, Africa and Asia Constituents: Polysaccharides, Iridoid glycosides, Flavonoids, Saponins and Volatile oil

13. Medicinal uses Demulcent, Emollient- the polysaccharide mucilage and gums soothe irritated tissues Expectorant- saponins stimulate fluid production Anti-inflammatory- iridoid glycosides and flavonoids decrease inflammation Mild Diuretic and Anti-viral