SEA FEATURES

MY REPORT ON MY ECOLOGY SUBJECT

1. FEATURES OF THE SEA

2. The sea is big; it covers more than 70% of the earth’s surface. The sea is deep ; in some areas the ocean bottom lies more than 6 miles (10km) below the surface. The sea is continues; not separated as land and freshwater habitats. The sea is in continuous circulation. The sea is dominated by waves of many kinds and produced tides produced by the pull of moons and the sun. SEA FEATURES

3. 6. The sea is salty . The salinity of the open sea is fairly constant. Sea water contains biogenic ions. Biogenic salt are dissolved salt vital life. 7. The concentration of dissolve nutrients is low and constitute and important limiting factors in determining the size of marine population. 8. The ocean and some groups of organism that live in it older than the ocean floor which is constantly being altered And renewed by tectonic and sedimentary processes.

4. The range of temperature is far away in land, although the range of variation in temperature over the ocean is considerably arctic water at negative degrees Celsius are much colder than the tropical water. temperature

5. In many places around the continents the land gradually slopes under water to a depth of about 600ft. (180m). This submerged land called the continental shelf. In some areas, the continental shelf extends hundreds of miles or kilometers. zonation

6. The shallow water zone is the zone between high and low tides. The oceanic zone is the zone of the open ocean beyond continental shelf. The deepest portion of the sea is called abyssal. zonation

7. The upper layer of ocean water exhibits stratification of temperature. Depth below 300m are usually thermally stable. In high and low latitudes, temperature remain fairly constant throughout the year. In middle latitude, temperatures varies with season and is associated with climate changes. In summer, the surface water become warmer and lighter forming a temporary seasonal thermocline. stratification

8. Is an area where freshwater flows into the sea. It is zone between freshwater and marine biomes. Estuary act as the nursery for the young of many marine fishes and shellfish used by human for foods. Salinity the distribution of life in the estuary. Estuarine ecology

9. Mangroves are among the few emergent land plant that tolerates the salinity of the open sea. Red mangroves have an extinctive disposition of mud, silt, and provide surfaces for attachment on marine organism. Mangroves are not only important in extending coast and building island, but also in protecting coast from excessive erosion whish otherwise produced pierce tropical storm. Mangroves and coral reefs

10. Coral reefs are widely distributed in shallow waters of warm seas. There are three kinds of coral reef fringing which grows along the rocky shores of island s continents, and atolls , horsed shaped surrounding lagoons. Such lagoons are about 40 m deep are usually connected to the open sea by breaking in the reefs. Mangroves and coral reefs

11. Coral reefs are complex ecosystem involving close relationship between coral and algae. At night coral polyps feed, extending their tentacles to capture zooplanktons from the water and thus securing phosphorus and other elements needed by the coral land its symbiotic algae. During the day, the algae absorb sunlight and carry on the photosynthesis and directly transfer organic materials to coral tissues . Mangroves and coral reefs

12. The Spaniards have use coral reef resources for building churches and houses. Highway builders have use coral stone in paving streets and road. Coral reef s serves as tools and even in laboratories in science. Other uses of corals

13. These benefits from coral reef may not last long if our ways continue as they are. Natural causes such as typhoons, el Niño, and predation can already greatly reduce the coral reefs. But with continued careless activities of man, coral reef may be on the verge of extinction. Some of these activities like extraction of corals for sale to tourist in shops, dynamite fishing, etc. Threats coral reefs

14. Do not collect corals when you go to the beach. Do not buy fancy jewelry or accessories made from corals. When going scuba diving, do not step or touch the coral animals, no matter how attractive they look. Do not throw waste into the seas or beach when you go out swimming. Ways to prevent the extinction of corals:

15. Watch out pollution culprits like factories , ships, construction, etc. Report them to your local office of the DENR. Participate in education campaign that some NGO’s government may be doing on the way to save coral reefs, Report to the local DENR any knowledge you have on illegal ways of fishing like muro – ami , use of small meshed nets etc. Ways to prevent the extinction of corals:

16. Write to the newspaper , TV, or radio station, etc. about these violation or if you see an activity which destroy the natural resources in general. Ways to prevent the extinction of corals:

17. THANK YOU!!!! FOR LISTENING PREPARED BY: JOHN MICHAEL MARTINEZ