Secondary screening of industrial important microbes

Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.

1. SECONDARY SCREENING OF INDUSTRIALY IMPORTANT MICROORGANISMS NAME : DHRUVI SUVAGIYA CLASS : MSC SEM 3

2. WHAT IS SCREENING?? SCREENING  The procedure of isolation, detection , and separation of microorganisms of our interest from a mixed population by using highly selective procedures is called  screening.  M icroorganisms source environment (air , water, soil) food (milk, cheese etc. ) There are multiple ways to manipulate a microorganism in order to increase maximum product yields. Introduction of mutations into an organism may be accomplished by introducing them to mutagens.

3. WHY SCREENING REQUIRES?? Micro-organisms  play key roles in nutrient cycling, biodegradation, climate change , food spoilage , the cause and control of disease , and biotechnology. Bacteria are economically important as these microorganisms are used by humans for many purposes. The beneficial use of microorganisms includes the production of traditional food like cheese &yogurt and in agriculture for compost & fertilizers. Medicinally , microbes can be used for creating antibiotics in order to treat antibiotics, as well as in order to synthesize amino acids and organic solvents . can also be used as a bio pesticide instead of using dangerous chemicals.

4. WHAT ARE THE ABILITY OF ORGANISMS? The organisms which are chosen for screening should be…… It should be able to grow on relatively cheaper substrates. It should grow well in an ambient temperature preferably at 30-40°C. This reduces the cooling costs. It should yield high quantity of the end product. It should possess minimum reaction time with the equipment used in a fermentation process. It should possess stable biochemical characteristics . It should yield only the desired substance without producing undesirable substances. It should possess optimum growth rate so that it can be easily cultivated on a large scale.

5. TYPES OF SREENING METHOD??

6. SECONDARY SCREENING?? Primary screening helps in the detection and isolation of microorganisms from the natural substrates that can be used for industrial fermentations for the production of compounds of human utility, but it cannot give the details of production potential or yield of the organism . Such details can be ascertained by further experimentation. This is known as secondary screening , which can provide broad range of information pertaining to … Ability or potentiality of the organism to produce metabolite that can be used as an industrial organism. The quality of the yield product. The type of fermentation process that is able to perform. Elimination of the contaminant.

7. Secondary screening will provides the information about …….. product is toxic or not . products are new compound or not. yield potentialities of various isolated microorganisms. requirements of the microorganism organism is genetically stable or not . physical properties of the product. The new organism should be identified to the species level. Should eliminate contaminations. determine the economic status of a fermentation process undertaken by employing newly isolated microorganism.

8. Giant Colony Technique This technique is used for isolation and detection of those antibiotics, which diffuse through solid medium . Species of Streptomyces , is capable of producing antibiotics during primary screening. The isolated Streptomyces culture is inoculated into the central area of a sterilized petri plates containing nutrient agar medium and are selected. The plates are incubated until sufficient microbial growth takes place. Cultures of test organism, whose antibiotic sensitivity is to be measured are streaked from the edges of plate’s up to but not touching the growth of Streptomyces and are further incubated to allow the growth of the test organisms. Then the distance over which the growth of different test organisms is inhibited by the antibiotic secreted Streptomyces is measured in millimeters.

9. The relative inhibition of growth of different test organisms by the antibiotic is called inhibition spectrum . Those organisms whose growth is inhibited to a considerable distance are considered more sensitive to the antibiotic than those organisms, which can grow close to the antibiotic. Such species of Streptomyces, which have potentiality of inhibiting microorganisms is preserved for further testing.

10. Filtration Method This method is employed for testing those antibiotics which are poorly soluble in water or do not diffuse through the solid medium. The Streptomyces is grown in a broth and its mycelium is separated by filtration to get culture filtrate. Various dilutions of antibiotic filtrates are prepared and added to molten agar plating medium and allowed to solidify.

11. Liquid Medium Method This method is generally employed for further screening to determine the exact amount of antibiotic produced by a microorganism like Streptomyces. Erlenmeyer conical flasks containing highly nutritive medium are inoculated with Streptomyces and incubated at room temperature. They are also aerated by shaking continuously and vigorously during incubation period to allow Streptomyces to produce the antibiotic in an optimum quantity,

12. WHAT KIND OF ORGANISMS ISOLATES?? Antibiotic producers Cephalosporium acremonium Penicillium griseofulvum Bacillus subtilis Bacillus polymyxa Streptomyces nodosus Streptomyces griseus Micromonospora purpurea Organic acid producers Aspergillus niger Yarrowia lipolytica Candida tropicalis Secondary metabolites producers

13. REFERRENCE https://www.biotechnologynotes.com/microorganisms/screening/screening-of-microorganisms-primary-and-secondary-techniques-industrial-biotechnology/13697#:~:text=Secondary%20screening%20gives%20very%20useful,small%20fermenters%20containing%20liquid%20media . Secondary Screening - Creative Biolabs www.creative-biolabs.com  › therapeutics › secondary-s ... Importance of secondary screening with clinical isolates for ... www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles › PMC6078976 https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/secondary-screening

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