Secondry and tertiary packaging new

Pharmacy industrial packaging system Secondry and Tertiary

1. SECONDRY AND TERTIARY PACKAGING Department of Pharmacy Quaid-e- Azam Univeristy , Islamabad.

2. Secondary Packaging It is intended to protect not only the product, but also the primary packaging of a product, which often is most visible to the consumer in the form of retail displays. Examples Cardboard cartons/boxes/crates Plastic crates Trays Shrink wrapped bundles etc.

3. Purpose Of Secondary Packaging Branding display and logistical purposes Protecting and collecting individual units during storage Display primary packs on shelves like food, beverages, cosmetic etc Display multiple product units which speeds restocking this includes retail-ready packaging (RRP), shelf-ready packaging (SRP) or countertop display units (CDUs).

4. Secondary Packaging Material Paper Used as a flexible wrap for products As a closure material for jars. Most paper materials are used with a linear applied either as a laminate or as a coating Advantages Disadvantages Broad source Low cost Light weight Good buffer Good processing performance Good sanitation and safety Good recycling Eco-friendly Limited load bearing capacity Poor water resistance capability Easily pieced

5. Secondary Packaging Material 2. Pharmaceutical Corrugated Fiber Board It is paper based material consisting of fluted corrugated sheet and one or two flat linear boards. Advantages Disadvantages Light weight Inexpensive Better printing and graphic capabilities Easily available Better Recycling Eco-friendly Under extreme pressure deforms Not suitable for heavy materials

6. Secondary Packaging Material Carton/Box A carton is a box or container usually made of paperboard and sometimes of corrugated fiberboard . Advantages Disadvantages • Made from renewable resources • Save energy • Reusable • Easily disposable • Lightweight • Not for heavy products • May get deformed • Not weather proofing capability

7. Ideal Properties for Secondary Packaging Dimensions should be appropriate to withstand the stress during transportation It should not effect the primary packaging It should have sufficient strength to with hold the material Thickness should be appropriate to have mechanical strength .

8. Tests For Paper And Board Dimension T hickness Surface pH The physical dimensions of the given paper board is taken and recorded. Measured with a micrometer. It directly influences the physical property of paper like stiffness, varnishing and cutting. A drop of distilled water is placed on the top of the test piece and the electrode of pH meter is placed in the drop touching the paper. The reading is taken after 2 min.

9. Tests For Paper And Board Alkalinity Grammage Place about 5g (w) of accurately weighed sample, cut into pieces in a stoppered flask containing 250 ml of 0.02N HCl . Allow to stand for 1 hr with occasional shaking. Decant and titrate a measured quantity (v) against 0.1 N NaOH using methyl orange as indicator. Carry out blank (B). Formula: %Alkalinity=1250(B-A)× N V×w A- Sample reading N- Normality of NaOH A t est piece of suitable size (10cm×10cm) is cut and weighed. Formula: Grammage = 10^4×w/ a×b w - weight in grams a - length b - breadth

10. Tests For Paper And Board

11. Tests For Paper And Board Folding Endurance Puncture Resistance Tear Strength Rub Resistance Ink Absorbency Fold the test piece back and forth until rupture occurs. Energy required to make initial puncture. The mean force required to continue the tearing of an initial cut in a single sheet of paper. Resistance of printed test piece to withstand rubbing against another similar test piece. Determination of ink absorbency by K& N ink.

12. Tests For Paper And Board Air Permeability Tensile strength COBB Test It is the mean air that flows through unit area under unit pressure difference in unit time, under specific conditions, expressed in P/s. The maximum tensile force per unit width that a paper or board will withstand before breaking. This measures the mass of water absorbed by 1cm^2 of the test piece in a specified time under a head of 1 cm of water in a set period of time, usually 60 or 180 seconds (Cobb60 or Cobb180). It is determined by weighing before and after exposure to the water, and usually quoted in g/m^2 .

13. Specific Tests For Cartons Carton Opening Force   Coefficient of Friction Joint Shear Strength The method is used to hold the flat carton as delivered by its creases between thumb & first finger press. Both static and kinetic coefficients of friction are determined by sliding the specimen over itself under specific test conditions This is a method of testing glued side of a carton for strength of the adhesive using a tensile testing machine.

14. Specific Tests For Cartons Compression Crease Stiffness/Crease Recovery Test Assessment of the strength of the erected package, thereby estimating the degree of protection that it confers on the contents. This involves testing a carton board piece and folding it through 900. It will then try to recover its former position when the bending force is removed. The increase and decrease in the inherent board stiffness after folding is measured

15. Symbols Used On Packaging And Labels For product certification Trademark Proof of purchase Identification code etc.

16. Tertiary Packaging It is used to protect manufactured goods for shipping or storing . Tertiary packaging is typically not seen by consumers since it is usually removed by retailers before products are displayed for sale. PURPOSE It is used to protect not only the product but also its secondary and primary packaging. Examples Brown cardboard boxes Wood pallets Shrink wraps

17. Tertiary Packaging Materials 1. Brown Cardboards Cardboard is a generic term for heavy-duty paper-based products having greater thickness and superior durability or other specific mechanical attributes to paper; such as fold ability, rigidity and impact resistance Advantages Disadvantages • Made from renewable resources • Save energy • Reusable • Easily disposable • Lightweight • Not for heavy products • May get deformed • Not best for weatherproofing

18. Tertiary Packaging Materials WOODEN PALLETS A pallet is a flat transport structure , which supports goods in a stable fashion of a unit load which allows handling and storage efficiencies while being lifted by a forklift or other lifting devices. Advantages Disadvantages • Affordable • High durability and strength • Wide availability • Easily repairable • Can be recycled • Provides better friction • Vulnerable to bacterial attacks • They are not stain resistant

19. Tertiary Packaging Materials Shrink Wraps/ Shrink Film Shrink wrap is a material made up of polymer plastic film . When heat is applied, it shrinks tightly over whatever it is covering. Advantages Disadvantages • Transparent • The heat-shrinkable package provides 360-degree all-round decoration for the item • Simple and have good heat seal ability • Has cushioning and toughness to prevent damage • It is necessary to consider the shrinkage of the graph as well as the contraction of the film to accurately reproduce. • The ink used in packaging film printing must have a certain shrinkage in order to reproduce the picture and text accurately. • As the thermal shrinking packaging film. the bar code quality could be unqualified or cannot be read.

20. Secondary And Tertiary Packaging Optimization • Using sustainable and eco-friendly materials • Using innovative materials • Testing the materials PACKAGING ETHIC