Secretion of urine in birds

Secretion of urine in birds

1. SECRETION OF URINE IN BIRDS Presenter Sabal Pokharel

2. URINARY SYSTEM IN BIRDS The urinary system of birds consists of paired symmetrical kidney and each with ureter that carries the urine. It transports urine to the uroterum of cloaca . Kidney are brown coloured elongated structure. Kidney are situated symmetrically on either side of the vertebral column below pelvis and sacrum.

3. CONTD.. The structure of kidney is rough and projected consisiting of renal tubules. Avian kidney is divided into unit called tubules. The tubules have renal cortex and renal medulla. Nephrons (large no. of microscopic) are located in the tubules and empty into the collecting ducts. The ureter from the kidney are divided into renal and pelvic part.

4. CONTD.. Renal parts of the ureter is erubedded in the substance of the kidney. The pelvic part of the ureter runs from the caudal end of the kidney to the cloaca. Both the uterus opens at the dorsal aspect of the urudeum . Urine formed flow into the cloaca where water reabsorption occurs.

5. CONTD.. Cloaca consists of 3 compartments via cuprodeum - receives the faeces urudeum - receives the ureters and ducts. Pructudeum - common discharge

6. NEPHRONS IN BIRDS Birds have 2 types of nephron . Small number of mammelians types nephron used to concentrate the urine found in renal medulla. A large number of reptilian typess nephron ( without loop of henle ) located at renal cortex. Only a small percent of nephron (15-25%) contains loop of henle which helps to concentrate the urine in birds.

7. COMPOSITION OF URINE IN BIRDS Birds doesnot have bladder, the urine leaves the ureter and enters the cloaca where it is moved by reverse peristalsis into the large intestine. It perceives excess water to the reabsorbed before elimination. In poultry urate is the waste product that is water insoluble. The urine is in a thick pasty form with a vary low water content but high in uric acid from Nitrogen metabolism.

8. CONTD.. The uric acid is secreted by the tubules of the reptilian type of nephrons . Uric acid starts to crystallize in the kidney. The micro villus in the proximal tubules incapsulate . The crystal with a protein coat formulating a highly soluble collidial particles. And these particles transports the uric acid through the nephrons to the uretes and into the cloaca along with

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