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1. Human Nutrition Section 5 Important nutritional diseases

2. Obesity البدانه /السمنه Definition Excess adipose tissue in all parts of the body or 20 % higher than the ideal body weight or BMI (body mass index ) > 30 kg \ℳ2

3. Etiology Familial tendency Imbalance between energy intake & expenditure +sedentary Lifestyle: a)Consumption of energy dense food and drink, high fat& sugar but low in bulk b)Sedentary life & reduced physical activity

4. Health hazards of obesity Psychological disturbances : especially in females Metabolic disorders: D.M (3 times more ), gout &menstrual irregularities Skin disorders Musclo-skeletal hazards : Osteoarthritis, back pain & flat foot Malignancy: cancer colon, biliary tract, prostate, breast, endometrium & ovary Mortality Hyper lipidemia, hypertension

5. Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) سوء التغذية بالبروتين والطاقة Etiology Protein & calories deficiency. Epidemiology More common in infants & children 1-3 years PEM Other name is protein caloric malnutrition

6. Predisposing factors A) General factors Inadequate intake Protein loss Protein demand 1)Low SES 2)War devastation 3)Big family size 1)Fever & infections 2)Severe haemorrhage &burn 3)Heart, liver & kidney diseases (protein execration) Chronic debilitating diseases as cancer & TB

7. Prevention of PEM Nutritional education of mother about balanced food & proper weaning Encourage breast feeding & proper weaning Supplementation of infant with HBV (high biological value ) proteins Immunization to prevent diseases