Seed production techniques

The slides describing about the different techniques of seed production, as the seed is the basic part of any production program. Therefore, please provide review about these techniques.

1. Seed
production
techniques
Dr. Shweta Tiwari

2. Following are the techniques of seed
production
2
Selection of Soil
Raising of Seedlings
Direct Sowing of Seeds
Preparation of Land and Transplanting of
Seedlings

3. Following are the techniques of seed
production
3
Isolation Requirement
Management of Annuals
Rouging
Insects, Pests and Diseases
. Harvesting and Storage of Seeds

4. A. Selection of soil
4
B. Raising of Seedlings
Preferably loam,
Other soils like sandy loam to clay are also
good
Soil should be well fertile and free from water
stagnation and have 6.5 to 7.5
Due to tendency of shattering, same crop may
not be selected to grow year after year
to avoid contamination.
In general,
10-15 cm raised nursery
seeds of 1 m width and 2-3 m long are prepared
The soil should be well prepared by mixing 10-15 kg/m2well
rotten farm yard manure
To check the soil borne diseases in nursery, soil should be
drenched with 0.2% brassicolor captanor soil can be
sterilized by drench with 2% formalineand covering
with polythene.
Small seeds, these are mixed with bulk material like sand or
ash. Seeds are sown by hand in line 5-6 cm apart and
0.5 cm deep.
Watering should be done twice or thrice a day or use
sprinkler system

5. C. Direct Sowing of Seeds
5
D. Preparation of Land and
Transplanting of Seedling
15-20 cm wide ridges
are prepared by manual or tractors
Three to 4 seeds are sown directly by hand at 15-20
cm apart.
watering is done. Seeds start germinating after 4-5
days.
ploughing by harrowing and
mixing 15-20 tonnes well rotten farm yard manure/acre
instead of flat planting raised bed method of planting is
more useful
Recommended fertilizer application
before transplanting light irrigation should be applied which
helps in better establishment of seedlings.
seedling should be transplanted in cool hours of evening and
should be watered lightly immediately

6. E. Isolation Requirement
6
To produce genetically pure seeds,
crop should be isolated with
other varieties of same crop.
G. Rouging
Plant with similar distinguishing
trait but differ in agronomic traits like days to flowering,
plant height, disuse reaction and days to maturity,
etc
utmost important to remove and destroy the off types
F. Management of Annuals
Annuals are quite tender
and require proper attention through-out
their life.
Sufficient moisture is required tilll
harvesting of seed is done.
Depending upon season and soil type
frequency of irrigation is decided.

7. 7
H. Insects, Pests
and Diseases
Caterpillar: The annuals are commonly
attacked by Heliothissp., aphids, leaf miner etc.
Protective control measure should be taken well in
advance to avoid any considerable loss,
controlled by spraying of 0.1% chloropyrophosat an
early stage of caterpillar.
Aphids: Spraying of 30 EC Rogoror 25 EC metasystox@
250 ml/200 L/acre is effective to control it.
Fungi : Seed dressing with Bavistan(1 g/kg) or captan(3
g/kg) or drenching with the infected nursery beds
with 0.2% Brassicolor Bavistan(0.1%)
Seed Virus: effective control is destroying of the plants
or by controlling the vectors by using effective
insecticides
I. Harvesting and Storage
of Seeds
After vegetative phase,
flowering occurs in succession
which may last 30-60 days or even more resulting in
maturity of individual flowers in succession.
Therefore pods are harvested individually before
the splitting occurs.
The seeds are cleaned and sieved with different types of
seed machine and seeds are finally cleaned by hand
winnowing or using table fan to separate light seeds
seeds after proper cleaning are packed in muslin bags
H.D.P.E. bags with silica gel and are stored in cool
and well ventilated room.

8. Business Model Canvas
8
Hybrid seed production
1.Itneedstwotomanyparents
2.Isolationdistancerequirementismore
3.Productionisbymanagedcontrolpollination(Female)
4.Seedhastobechangedeverytime
5.Techniquedifferwithcrop
6.Productioncareismore
7.Yieldwillbehigher
8.Profitishigher
Varietal seed production
1.Itissingleparentmultiplication
2.Isolationdistancerequirementisless
3.Productionisbyopenpollination
4.Seedcanbeusedcontinuouslyfor3/4/5
generations
5.Productiontechniqueisuniform(multiplication)
6.Productioncareisless
7.Yieldwillbelower
8.Profitisless

9. Crop wise
special
techniques
For hybrid seed production
9

10. RICE
●TWO-LINE BREEDING SYSTEM could be adopted for hybrid seed production. The hybrid seed
production method adopted in paddy is PGM,CMS,TGMS
●ROPE PULLING is practiced for supplementary pollinationset in hybrid seed production of rice.
○Rice plant pollen is difficult to dislodge from anther due to prevailing high humidity and low
wind speed. To dislodge the pollen, a rope is pulled over the canopy to shake the panicle and
dislodge pollen.
○Two women labourer stand on either side of the field and pull along a long nylon rop
○Rope pulling is done at 30-40% of spikelet opening stage. After moving in one direction, it is
done from the other end
●GIBB RELIC ACID SPRAYED to Hybrid Rice seed production plots for complete exertion of panicle

11. BAJRA
●STAGGERED SOWING is practiced for uniform flowering
●Synchronized flowering between parental lines of bajrais achieved
by JERKING
●It is done 20-25 days after transplanting or 30-40 days after direct
sowing. The early formed ear heads of the first tillers are pulled out
or removed which will result in uniform flowering of all the tillers
●Occurrence of tip sterility is common in Pearl millet
●Planting ratio for bajrahybrid seed production is:2:8
●The number of border rows for hybrid seed production
of bajrais 8

12. JOWAR
●Occurrence of Sorghum halapensein sorghum CSH-5 hybrid seed
production is known as off type
●The number of border rows required for production of certified seed
class of sorghum hybrid is4
●Planting ratio for sorghum hybrid seed production is 2:4
●Female sterility in sorghum is influenced by micro nutrients

13. COTTON
●In cotton, leaf / boll shedding can be reduced by spraying of NAA
●In cotton, Tirakdisorder refers to bad opening of bolls
●In cotton topping can be done by spraying of CCC
●Doak’smethodis adopted in hybrid seed production of Cotton
●Block systemis adopted for the hybrid seed production in Cotton
●Grow out testis usually conducted for Cotton
●Cotton Varalaxmiis a hybrid of Interspecific
●The breeding tool for cotton hybrid seed production is
Emasculation and dusting

14. SUNFLOWER
●Pustovitmodelis followed in Sunflower
●The chemical used for dormancy breaking insunflower GA
3Ethrel
●Supplementary pollinationis practiced to enhance seed set in Sunflower
●The number of border rows recommended for hybrid seed production of
sunflower is4
●Planting ratio recommended for sunflower hybrid seed production
is 3:1

15. THANK YOU