Seema kumari

1. Jawaharlal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru  ( Hindi : जवाहरलाल नेहरू) ( Hindustani:  [ˈ dʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈ neːɦru ]  (  listen ) ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the  first   Prime Minister  of  India  and a central figure in Indian politics for much of the 20th century. He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian Independence Movement  under the tutelage of  Mahatma Gandhi  and ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in office in 1964. [5] Nehru is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state; a  sovereign ,

2. Early life and career (1889–1912) Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in  Allahabad  in  British India . His father,  Motilal Nehru  (1861–1931), a wealthy barrister who belonged to the  Kashmiri Pandit  community, [10]  served twice as  President  of the  Indian National Congress  during the Independence Struggle . His mother, Swaruprani Thussu (1868–1938), who came from a well–known Kashmiri Brahmin family settled in Lahore , [11]  was Motilal's second wife, the first having died in child birth. Jawaharlal was the eldest of three children, two of whom were girls. [10]  The elder sister,  Vijaya Lakshmi , later became the first female president of the  United Nations General Assembly . [12]  The 

3. Struggle for Indian Independence (1912–47) Nehru had developed an interest in Indian politics during his time in Britain. [20]  Within months of his return to India in 1912 he had attended an annual session of the Indian National Congress in  Patna . [21]  Nehru was disconcerted with what he saw as a "very much an English-knowing upper class affair." [22]  The Congress in 1912 had been the party of moderates and elites. [21]  Nehru harboured doubts regarding the ineffectualness of the Congress but agreed to work for the party in support of the Indian civil rights movement in South Africa. [23]  He collected funds for the civil rights campaigners led by  Mohandas Gandhi  in 1913. [21]  Later, he campaigned against the indentured labour and other such discriminations faced by Indians in the British colonies. [24]

4. Nehru went to  Trinity College ,  Cambridge  in October 1907 and graduated with an honours d Nehru at the Allahabad High Court

5. Jawaharlal Nehru 1st   Prime Minister of India In office 15 August 1947 – 27 May 1964 Monarch George VI (until 26 January 1950) President Rajendra Prasad Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

6. Home rule movement

7. World War II and Quit India When World war II started, Viceroy Linlithgow had unilaterally declared India a belligerent on the side of the Britain, without consulting the elected Indian representatives. Nehru hurried back from a visit to China, announcing that, in a conflict between democracy and Fascism, “our sympathies must inevitably be on the side of democracy...... I should like India to play its full part and throw all her resources into the struggle for a new order.”

8. Prime Minister of India (1947–64)

9. Economic policies Nehru presided over the introduction of a modified, Indian version of state planning and control over the economy. Creating the  Planning commission of India , Nehru drew up the first Five -Year Plan  in 1951, which charted the government's investments in industries and agriculture. Increasing business and income taxes, Nehru envisaged a  mixed economy  in which the government would manage strategic industries such as mining, electricity and heavy industries, serving public interest and a check to private enterprise. Nehru pursued land redistribution  and launched programmes to build irrigation canals, dams and spread the use of fertilizers to increase agricultural production. He also pioneered a series of  community development programs  aimed at spreading diverse  cottage industries  and increasing 

10. Education and social reform Nehru with schoolchildren at the Durgapur Steel Plant . Durgapur along with Rourkela  and  Bhilai  were the three integrated steel plants set up under India's Second Five-Year Plan  in the late 19

11. National security and foreign policy Nehru led newly independent India from 1947 to 1964, during its first years of freedom from British rule. Both the United States and the  Soviet Union  competed to make India an ally throughout the  Cold War . Nehru also maintained good relations with the British Empire. Under the  London Declaration , India agreed that, when it became a republic in January 1950, 

12. Nehru was hailed by many for working to defuse global tensions and the threat of nuclea Jawaharlal Nehru (right) with  Muhammad Ali Bogra , Prime Minister of  Pakistan  (left), during his 1953 visit to  Karachi

13. Death Nehru  lying in state , 1964.

14. Legacy "Nehru was a great man... Nehru gave to Indians an image of themselves that I don't think others might have succeeded in doing." –  Sir Isaiah Berlin [86]