Seesion2_Arnab Das_Capgemini Engineering Open RAN India.pdf

Seesion2_Arnab Das_Capgemini Engineering Open RAN India.pdf

1. Presentation
Open RAN India 2021 Virtual Conference
17-June-2021, Arnab Das

2. 2© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
Agenda
Why Open RAN?1
Rising adoption of Open RAN globally2
Emerging Architectures For Telco Open RAN3
Disaggregation increased Interface and Interop Complexity4
System Integrator: Role in O-RAN Environment5
O-RAN Organizational Transformation Themes6
Planning and Deploying Cloud Native OpenRAN7

3. 3© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
Open RAN -Overview
The Radio Access Network (RAN) is a
crucial technology for connecting users or
enterprises, to a mobile network over the
radio waves. RAN acts as a bridge to
access all the key applications on the web.
O-RAN Alliance (O-RAN) is a group that
defines specifications for radio access
networks.
Founded in 2018, this global alliance now
comprises of around 30 operators and over
200 vendor companies.
Hardware and software
disaggregation
RAN applications as
cloud-native functions
Open management and
orchestration
RAN automation
interfaces
Use external Artificial
Intelligence and
Machine Learning
capabilities
Higher layer split defined
by 3GPP
Inter-node
communication
O-RAN lower layer split
Near-Real Time RIC
Key elements of Open RAN

4. 4© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
Answering “Why Open RAN?”
Interoperability
Virtualizing the RAN and substituting
proprietary interfaces with standards-based
interfaces facilitates equipment interoperability
and multivendor RAN deployments.
STANDARDS -BASED PLATFORM
High costs, constrained vendor choice and limited
flexibility are prompting mobile network operators
to shift towards more open, standards-based,
software-centric virtual platforms.
ACCELERATED INNOVATION
It encourages third-party development of AI/machine
learning–driven solutions, which can help operators deal
with an increasing array of bandwidth-intensive
applications and the exponentially increasing data.
LOWER OPERATING COSTS
Operating expenses will be lowered as
Open RAN will possibly reduce ongoing
network operating and maintenance
expenses.
LOWER CAPITAL COSTS
Open RAN will lower capital costs for the
optimal deployment of next-generation 5G
wireless networks. This is crucial since 5G will
require the addition of around three to four
times more cell sites for enhanced coverage,
capacity, speed, and low latency.
FASTER UPGRADES
Open RAN makes it easier to upgrade or
change to the wireless network, which
requires replacing physical hardware
throughout the network—and thereby
makes the process cheaper and less time-
consuming.
REDUCED DEPENDENCIES
Open RAN eliminates the proprietary nature of the
equipment and interfaces and therefore liberate the
MNOs from the existing relationships with the vendors
of traditional RANs.
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Reduced
dependency
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5. 5© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
Rising adoption of Open RAN globally
The world’s largest Open RAN deployment, Source: Parallel Wireless
DISH is planning on building their 5G network and
covering 50% of the US population by 2023,
based on Open RAN.
In APAC, we see Open RAN gaining momentum
for greenfield deployment with Rakuten.
Smartfren, Ooredoamong others plan on using
Open RAN.
US operators like Inland Cellular that are already
expanding their 4G networks with Open RAN,
proving that it is a strong contender for any RAN
replacements.
Telefonica’s initiative Internet para Todos(IpT)
aims to connect the approximately 100 million
unconnected people in the LATAM region using
Open RAN to enable economic inclusion.

6. 6© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
Leading businesses are increasing investments in Open RAN
Vodafonehas handed a contract to Samsung
Electronics, NEC, Dell and Wind River to build
Europe’s first commercial “open RAN” network.
Capgemini and Keysight Technologies of the US
will work on network integration.
Rakutenand NEC are jointly developing
Rakuten Mobile’s containerized 5G Stand Alone
core network.
The collaboration will provide 5G and 4G
Radios and engineering services for Open RAN
systems aligned with O-RAN specifications for
global markets.
Deutsche Telekom , a founding member of
the O-RAN Alliance, is undertaking initial
deployment of disaggregated radio access
network equipment at 25 “O-RAN compatible
sites” for 4G and 5G services.
Dell, Fujitsu, NEC, Nokia, Mavenirare tech
partners.
NTT DoCoMo has agreed to work with 12
companies for a “5G Open RAN Ecosystem.“
The partnering firms include Dell Technologies
Japan, Fujitsu Limited, Intel K.K., Mavenir, NEC
Corporation, NTT DATA Corporation, NVIDIA,
Qualcomm Technologies, Red Hat, VMware
K.K., Wind River and Xilinx.
Verizon plans to use open RAN equipment to
construct a 5G network in its millimeter wave
(mmWave) and C-band spectrum holdings.
Verizon has also announced it will spend $10
billion over the next three years to construct a
5G network in the $53 billion worth of C-band
spectrum Verizon purchased in an FCC auction.
AT&T and Samsung have developed 5G Lab in
Redmond, where Samsung 39 GHz End -to-End
solution using eCPRIinterface has been
demonstrated.
eCPRIis an efficient interface for the
“fronthaul,” which is the link between the Radio
Unit (RU) and the BBU.

7. 7© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
Emerging Architectures For Telco Open RAN
APIs APIs APIs
Software Software SoftwareSoftware
Hardware
Fronthaul Midhaul Backhaul
Air interface
System Integrator
Management Control
OAM/NMS AI/ML Apps
▪Disaggregation ofRANHW&SW
onvendorneutral,GPP-based
platforms
▪Implementations usingopen
interfacespecificationsbetween
components withvendorneutral
hardwareandsoftware
▪MultipleArchitectureOptions
▪Flexibilityofmultivendor
solutionsenablingadiverse
ecosystemfortheoperators
▪Solutionsimplementedoneither
BareMetalorVirtualizedor
ContainerizedPlatforms
▪InnovationviaAdoptionofNew
Technologies(AI/ML,CI/CD…)
▪SupplyChainDiversity
Key principles of Open RAN

8. 8© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
Emerging Architectures For Telco Open RAN
Key Insights
▪MoredistributedOpenRANtopologymaybetheinitialchoice,whichwillhaveDU
initiallyatthecellsite,andeventuallyrelocatedtoremotedatacenterwiththeCUs
▪DUsatthecellsitereducethetransportcosts,asDUslocatedatthecellsiteneeda
lower-capacityMidhaul(MH)linktoconnecttotheCUsatacentrallocation
▪Owneroffibernetworkislikelytoco-locateDUsandCUsinaremotedatacenter
fromthebeginning–mostcost-effectiveoption.
▪Foroperatorshavinglow-costaccesstofiberforFHoverthe7.2split,scenario1is
themostcost-effectiveforcumulativeTCOcostreductionfrom36%to42%
▪Thecostsavingsarehighestforthecellwiththelowestcapacity(cellprofile1,20
MHz),becausethepooling-gainsdifferencebetweenthetwoscenariosisthelargest
Models
RU –DU/CU
DUs and CUs co-located in a remote data center
Midhaul CU
RU
DU
RU/DU –CU
DUs at cell site
RU –DU –CU
DUs at remote aggregation sites
FronthaulRU DU Midhaul CU
Fronthaul
DU
CU
RU
Cell site
Remote
data center
Remote aggregation site
Key Inferences
For an operator
with relatively high
transport costs
(HTC), a distributed
topology is more
cost effective.
Scenario 1 reduces
the transport
requirements but
increases equipment
and operating costs
for the DUs.
DU-driven costs are
higher as equipment
at cell site is typically
more expensive to
install and operate
and because there are
no pooling benefits.
If increase in DU-
related costs is
lower than rise in
transport costs, as
it is in our model,
then the DU should
be at the cell site.

9. 9© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date 9
Component Interfaces
In O-RAN and VRAN components (RU, DU,
CU, FHG, RIC) and interfaces (eCPRI, F1,
E2, E1,O1,O2) increases the point of attack
Virtualized Architecture
Virtualized components (vDU, vCU, RIC,
ONAP) and open interfaces are more prone
to attacks
Interface to be Protected
Interfaces should be encrypted, and integrity protected by FirewalI, Psec,
MACsec, TLS and Sec GW mechanisms
Platform Hardening and Cloud Infra security
Secured NVI , PaaS and CaaS
▪OS hardening
▪OAM security
▪Transport
security
▪RRM security
Disaggregation increased Interface and Interop Complexity

10. 10© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date 10
System Integrator: Role in O-RAN Environment
OEM / Solution Vendor
Reference System
Deploy
Hardware
Vendor
PaaS
CU
Vendor
DU
Vendor
RU
Vendor
…..
Reference
System
Capgemini as
System Integrator
Deploy
SMO
Near RT RIC
Non RT RIC
Horizontal
& Vertical
Decoupling
Apps
Traditional Systems O-RAN Environment

11. 11© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
11
Sources: Sana Commerce
▪New IT and Software roles –Site Reliability
Engineers, DevOps Specialists, Automation
Engineers, Lab Blueprint Managers, etc.
▪New SW-related skills: Continuous Integration,
Build and Release Management, Deployment
using Kubernetes Helm charts
Re-skilling & Role Development
▪Increased automation that dynamically
manages and orchestrates services
▪Improved service availability with ‘self-
aware’ and ‘self-managed’ network functions
▪Focus on end-to-end network service
experience, not just network availability
Network Service Experience
▪OrgculturechangesfromHardware to
Software-focused,combiningbestofNetwork
andITworlds
▪Agile/DevSecOps andAutomationemergeas
keyorganizationaltransformationthemes,to
realizenetworkserviceagilitybenefits
Changing Organizational Culture
▪Integrationanddeliveryascontinuous
cycle,withnetworkfunctionsdownloaded
directlyfromOEMsoftwarerepositories,
integratedintoservicelifecycle,and
deployedinahighlyautomatedmanner
▪Newprocessesforcontinuousdeliveryand
multi-vendorresponsibilitiesincaseof
issuesandmaintenance.
Continuous Delivery
▪Managementof‘telecomequipment’asasoftware
workload,andassociatedprocessimprovements
▪NewProductManagementforServiceLifecycleas
aDevSecOps process,andnew Service
introductionthroughhighlyautomated network
functionservicechaining
Rapid Service Introduction
▪New KPI & SLA definitions,considering
disaggregation ofsoftware workloads and
underlyingCOTShardware,flexibledeployment/split
architectures,withresiliencyandredundancy
▪RoleofSItoensuree2eSLA&KPIadherence
hencebecomesimportant.
Disaggregation of KPI / SLA Governance
O-RAN Organizational Transformation Themes

12. 12© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
Company Confidential © Capgemini Engineering 2021. All rights reserved.Digital Software & Engineering | Connectivity
Trusted End to End Service Life Cycle Partner
Solution
Consulting
Solution
Build
Solution
Rollout
Solution
Test
Support
Service
Cloud & Datacenter
Networking
IoT
SDN/NFV
Mobility
Optical & Transport
LTE Network
•LTE eNB Expertise (L2, L3, SON & OAM)
•LTE HeNBGW Expertise
•LTE Core Network Expertise
•Integration and Verification labs
Other Nodes
•ML Model for RAN
•EDGE Computing Solution
•Transport Solution for RAN
•Fronthaul / FHGW for 5G RAN
RIC and xAPP
•RIC nRTand NonRT
•xAPPand SMO
•Algorithm (ANR, MRO, ..)
•Orchestration NSMF interface
OSS Interfaces
•Multi-vendor Interface Adapters
(CM/PM)
•Network Performance Optimizers
•Call Data Processor
5G Network
•gNB (SA, NSA) –RRM, L3, L2
•5G Core Expertise
•SoC & FPGA Services
•Integration and Verification labs
Solutioning
•Small-Cell / Macro / D-RAN Development
•Virtualized/C-RAN Solutioning
•L2 Schedulers / RRM algorithms
•HW and SW Architecture / Development
•O-RAN based 5G RAN Architecture
Experience across all network nodes of network
CAPGEMINI ENGINEERING Wireless Field of Play

13. 13© Capgemini 2021. All rights reserved |Presentation Title | Author | Date
13
Prime SI Telco Vendors / OEM
Program Management
Solution Management
(Blueprint & Lab Setup)
Solution Integration
& Automation Dev.
Deployment
Solution
Architecture +
Platform Integration
Services, Lab Build
Feature Priority,
Planning, Tracking
3P SW Licensing
HW Contracting, Support Agreements
Lab Environment
Platform for PoC
and Tests
Operations Support
Lab Testing+
Automation
Hardware
Equipment Volume
Supply
Telco SCM HW
Procurement
Capgemini to co-ordinate with partners and Airtel, as part of its
e2e solution, deployment and program management responsibilities
Support in Site-survey + Planning & Field Trials,
Installation, Configuration, Optimization, Handover & KPI Management
L2 Support
Hardware L1/L2,
RMA, L3 Support
L1 Support
In Summary
O-RAN changes the network paradigm and therefore, planning, design, integration
and deployment of networks will undergo transformation.

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