Self concept and self esteem

Mental Health Nursing

1. R. RUPPA MERCY M.Sc NURSING 1 ST YEAR PROMOTING SELF ESTEEM

2. Self concept is an individual’s perception of self and is what helps makes each individual unique. INTRODUCTION

3. Williams J ames (1890) – principles of psychology – included a chapter “consciousness of self” James distinguish between two types of self 1. subjective sense { the ‘I’} 2. objective sense { the “me”} – more focused by psychologist for research. History of self concept

4. “The totality of the individual’s thoughts and feelings having reference to himself as an object”(Rosenberg, 1979) The self concept includes 1. cognitive 2. behavioral 3. affective component. definition

5. Stages in development of self Self awareness (infancy) Self recognition (18 months) Self – definition( 3 years) Self – concept (6 to 7 years)

6. Altered health status Experience Developmental considerations Culture History of success and failure Crisis or life stressors Aging, illness or trauma Factors affecting self concept

7. Components of self concept IDENTITY SELF - ESTEEM BODY IMAGE ROLE PERFORMANCE

8. Self – esteem Self worth Self respect Self acceptance

9. Self – esteem is the “ attitudinal, evaluative component of the self ; the affective judgments placed on the self – concept consisting of feelings of worth and acceptance which are developed and maintained as a consequence of awareness of competence and feedback from the external world” - G uidon , 2002 Definition of self - esteem

10. SELF ESTEEM CONTINUUM

11. EXAMPLE

12. INFLATED SELF ESTEEM: People think that they are better than others and have no doubts about underestimating everyone else. HIGH SELF ESTEEM: People accepts and values themselves. LOW SELF ESTEEM: People do not value themselves. TYPES OF SELF ESTEEM

13. CHARACTERISTICS: The ability to listen to others and to critique themselves . They are not capable of correcting their own errors and as such, they constantly blaming others. They tend to undervalue others , adopting hostile behaviors towards them. It is very difficult for these people to establish healthy relationships with others. They always see everyone else as competition . Inflated self esteem

14. CHARACTERISTICS: Believing in their own way and trusting in who they are They just have the security necessary to avoid letting negative circumstances and events throw them off balance. Not able to maintain constant high self esteem The aggressive, passive or negative attitudes to accept other points of view. HIGH SELF ESTEEM

15. CHARACTERISTICS: Believing in their own way and trusting in who they are They just have the security necessary to avoid letting negative circumstances and events throw them off balance. Not able to maintain constant high self esteem The aggressive, passive or negative attitudes to accept other points of view. HIGH SELF ESTEEM

16. CHARACTERISTICS: Their self esteem drops very quickly . They are sensitive people who are easily influenced and who tend to show their opinion but without defending it. They have very little trust in themselves They undervalue themselves , and they have such a great fear of missing up that they constantly believe that they do not measure up to the circumstances. Low self esteem

17. Age Gender Body image Health and illness Experiences Relationships Factors influencing self esteem

18. 9+ Development of self esteem

19. Infants start building self esteem as soon as they are born. They gradually learn that they are loved, as the people who care for them, consistently treats them gently, kindly, comfort them when they cry, and show them attention. How their parents or primary caregivers treat them sets the stage for later development of self esteem infancy

20. No clear understanding of self esteem Each time they learn a new skill they add to their sense of ability and comprehension of who they are. Toddlers learn about themselves by learning what they look like, what they can do , and where they belong . Toddlers see themselves through the eyes of their parents, family or primary caregivers . toddlerhood

21. Preschoolers have a clearer understanding of who they are and how they fit into the world they know. They develop their self esteem in mostly physical ways by comparing their appearance to that of other children, such as height, size, agility and abilities. Preschoolers learn self esteem in stages through developing their senses of trust, independence and initiative. preschool

22. A critical point in a child’s development of self esteem occurs when they start school. In the early school age years self esteem depends on their physical appearance and characteristics and their ability to make friends with other children in their own age. Stresses at home such as parents arguing a lot, and problems at school, such as difficult lessons, being bullied or not having friends, can have a negative impact on a child’s self esteem. School age

23. Positive self esteem is promoted through this capacity for giving of oneself to another . Failure to intimacy causes withdrawal, social isolation, aloneness. Teenagers self esteem is often affected by the physical and hormonal changes they experience especially during puberty. Body image is a major component in teenagers self esteem. Peer acceptance and relationships are important to children’s social and emotional development and to their development of self – esteem. adolescence

24. By adulthood self esteem has changed from a mostly reactive phenomenon to one that can be consciously acted upon to either increase or decrease feelings of self worth . Adults are confronted by many situations that affect levels of self esteem. Success – failure experiences . Acceptance – rejection situations Romantic relationships , peer relationships and relationships with family members can affect self esteem. adulthood

25. Self esteem declines in old age(around age 70) It may also reflect a shift toward a more modest, humble and balance view of the self in old age. Old age

26. ANTECEDANT CONDITIONS: Cooper smith(1981) identified the following antecedent conditions of positive self esteem: 1. POWER: It is important for individuals to have a feeling of control over their own life situations and ability to claim some measure of influence over the behaviors of others. 2. SIGNIFICANCE: Self esteem is enhanced when individuals feel loved, respected and cared for by significant others . Steps of developing a positive self esteem

27. 3. VIRTUE : Individuals feel good about themselves when their actions a set of personal, moral and ethical values. 4. COMPETENCE : Positive self esteem develops out of one’s ability to perform successfully or archive self expectations and the expectations of others. 5. CONSISTENTLY SET LIMITS: A structured lifestyle demonstrates acceptance and caring and provides a feeling of security. Contd..

28. WARREN (1991) outlined the following focus areas to be emphasized by parents and others who work with children when encouraging the growth and development of positive self esteem. 1. a sense of competence 2. unconditional love 3. sense of survival 4. realistic goals 5. a sense of responsibility. 6. reality orientation Focus areas to be emphasized..

29. Self esteem comes from every experience of your life. How you view yourself affects everything you do in life. High self esteem gives you a good feeling about yourself. Low self esteem distorts your view of yourself. conclusion

30. Thank you…..