Self-Concept Gordon 11th functioal health pattern.pptx

Fundamental of nursing topic about patient self concept and perception

1. SHINING STAR NURSING ACADEMY BSN ACADEMY & TEST SERIES MANAGEMENET COMPLETE BSN BATCH BOOK SERIES ADNAN ALI RAHEEL AHMAD SUBJECT: FON-2 CHAPTER NAME: SELF CONEPT

2. Self-Concept

3. Self-concept is one’s mental image of oneself. Self-concept influences the following: • How one thinks, talks, and acts • How one sees and treats another person • Choices one makes • Ability to give and receive love. There are four dimensions of self-concept: Self-knowledge: insight into one’s own abilities, nature, and limitations Self-expectation: what one expects of oneself; may be realistic or unrealistic expectations Social self: how a person is perceived by others and society. Social evaluation: the appraisal of oneself in relationship to others, events, or situations. Self-Concept

4. Self-awareness refers to the relationship between one’s perception of himself or herself and others’ perceptions of him or her. FORMATION OF SELF-CONCEPT A person is not born with a self-concept; rather, it develops as a result of social interactions with others. The development of one’s self-concept consists of three broad steps: The infant learns that the physical self is separate and different from the environment. The child internalizes others’ attitudes toward self. The child and adult internalize the standards of society.

5. Personal Identity : Personal identity is the conscious sense of individuality and uniqueness that is continually evolving throughout life. People often view their identity in terms of name, gender, age, race, ethnic origin or culture, occupation or roles, talents, and other situational characteristics (e.g., marital status and education) Personal identity also includes beliefs and values, personality, and character. For instance, is the person outgoing, friendly, reserved, generous, selfish? COMPONENTS OF SELF-CONCEPT

6. The image of physical self, or body image , is how a person perceives the size, appearance, and functioning of the body and its parts. Body image has both cognitive and affective aspects. The cognitive is the knowledge of the material body; the affective includes the sensations of the body, such as pain, pleasure, fatigue, and physical movement. Body image includes clothing, makeup, hairstyle, jewelry, and other things intimately connected to the person. If a person’s body image closely resembles one’s body ideal , the individual is more likely to think positively about the physical and nonphysical components of the self Another aspect of body image is the understanding that different parts of the body have different values for different people. For example, large breasts may be highly important to one woman and unimportant to another Body Image

7. A role is a set of expectations about how the person occupying a particular position behaves. Role performance is how a person in a particular role behaves in comparison to the behaviors expected of that role. Role mastery means that the person’s behaviors meet role expectations. Role development involves socialization into a particular role. For example, nursing students are socialized into nursing through exposure to their instructors, clinical experience. Role ambiguity occurs when expectations are unclear, and people do not know what to do or how to do it and are unable to predict the reactions of others to their behavior People undergoing role strain are frustrated because they feel or are made to feel inadequate or unsuited to a role Role conflicts arise from opposing or incompatible expectations. In an interpersonal conflict, people have different expectations about a particular role Role Performance

8. Self-esteem is one’s judgment of one’s own worth, that is, how that person’s standards and performances compare to others’ standards and to one’s ideal self The two types of self-esteem are global and specific. Global self-esteem is how much one likes oneself as a whole. Specific self-esteem is how much one approves of a certain part of oneself. Global self-esteem is influenced by specific self-esteem. For example, if a man values his looks, then how he looks will strongly affect his global self-esteem Self-Esteem

9. Stage of Development : As an individual develops, the conditions that affect the self-concept change. For example, an infant requires a supportive, caring environment, whereas a child requires freedom to explore and learn. Family and Culture: A young child’s values are largely influenced by the family and culture. Later on, peers influence the child and thereby affect the sense of self. Stressors : Stressors can strengthen the self-concept as an individual copes successfully with problems. On the other hand, overwhelming stressors can cause maladaptive responses including substance abuse, withdrawal, and anxiety FACTORS THAT AFFECT SELF-CONCEPT

10. Resources: An individual’s resources are internal and external. Examples of internal resources include confidence and values, whereas external resources include support network, sufficient finances, and organizations. History of Success and Failure: People who have a history of failures come to see themselves as failures, whereas people with a history of successes will have a more positive self-concept. Illness: Illness and trauma can also affect an individual’s self-concept A woman who has had a mastectomy may see herself as less attractive, and the loss may affect how she acts and values herself.

11. Assessing: Personal Identity Body image Role performance Self esteem NURSING MANAGEMENT

12. Disturbed Body Image Ineffective Role Performance Chronic Low Self-Esteem (and Risk for). Disturbed Personal Identity (and Risk for) Anxiety related to changed physical appearance (e.g., amputation, mastectomy) Diagnosing

13. Identifying Areas of Strength Enhancing Self-Esteem Encourage clients to appraise the situation and express their feelings. Encourage clients to ask questions. Provide accurate information. Explore clients’ positive qualities and strengths. Encourage clients to express positive self-evaluation more than negative self-evaluation. Avoid criticism. Teach clients to substitute negative self-talk (“I can’t walk to the store anymore”) with positive self-talk k (“I can walk half a block each morning”). Implementing