Semen_Analysis. _Presentation.pptx

Semin analysis

1. Semen Analysis: Clinical Relevance and Laboratory Insights A Comprehensive Overview for Clinical Practice

2. Objectives • Understand the importance of semen analysis. • Overview of normal parameters and interpretation. • Highlight common abnormalities and clinical correlations.

3. Introduction to Semen Analysis • Definition and purpose. • Clinical indications: - Infertility evaluation. - Post-vasectomy assessment. - Suspected infections or systemic conditions affecting fertility.

4. Physiology of Spermatogenesis • Overview of the process. • Hormonal regulation: FSH, LH, and testosterone. • Duration and stages of spermatogenesis.

5. Collection and Handling of Semen • Patient instructions: - Abstinence (2–7 days). - Clean collection in sterile container. • Timing: Analysis within 1 hour of collection. • Factors affecting results: - Temperature. - Contamination. - Time delay.

6. Laboratory Analysis Parameters • Macroscopic Examination: - Volume. - Color. - Viscosity. - Liquefaction time. • Microscopic Examination: - Sperm count. - Motility (progressive, non-progressive, immotile). - Morphology (normal vs. abnormal forms). - Vitality (live vs. dead sperm).

7. WHO Reference Values (2021) • Volume ≥ 1.5 ml. • Concentration ≥ 15 million/ml. • Total motility ≥ 40%. • Progressive motility ≥ 32%. • Morphology ≥ 4% normal forms.

8. Advanced Testing • Sperm DNA fragmentation testing. • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis. • Anti-sperm antibodies.

9. Interpretation of Results • Examples of normal and abnormal results: - Oligospermia, asthenospermia, teratospermia, azoospermia. • Clinical correlations and next steps: - Hormonal evaluation. - Imaging studies (testicular ultrasound). - Genetic testing if needed.

10. Challenges in Semen Analysis • Pre-analytical variables. • Subjectivity in morphology assessment. • Lack of standardization in advanced tests.

11. Summary • Importance of standardized collection and analysis. • Correlation of results with clinical findings. • Role of advanced tests in unexplained infertility.

12. References • WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (6th Edition, 2021). • Recent journal articles and guidelines.