Seminar_Presentation_(8th Sem)_(A)_(01).pptx

EHV

1. title:- Electric Hybrid vehicle Guide :- Dr. Virendra Sangtani Student: Aamir Raza 1 SEMINAR PRESENTATION Electrical Engineering Department, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur

2. Contents  What is HEV....?  History  Types of Hybridization  Types of HEV  Parts of HVE vehicle  Advantages of HEV  Disadvantage of HEV  Future Scope SEMINAR PRESENTATION 2

3. What is HEV…?  A hybrid car is any car that uses both electricity and fuel injection in order to run . SEMINAR PRESENTATION 3

4. History of HEV  1830’s • Battery electric vehicle invented by Thomas Davenport, Robert Anderson, others - using non-rechargeable batteries.  1890’s • EV’s outsold gas cars 10 to 1, Oldsmobile and Studebaker started as EV companies started as EV companies.  1904’s • Krieger Company builds first hybrid vehicle  1910’s • Mass-produced Ford cars undercut hand-built EV’s • EV’s persist as status symbols and utility vehicles until Great Depression . SEMINAR PRESENTATION 4

5. Types of Hybridization 1. MILD / Micro Hybridization  They feature idle-stop function  Regenerative braking  Are not capable of using the electric motor to propel the vehicle  These systems are usually 42 volts or less SEMINAR PRESENTATION 5

6. Types of Hybridization 2. Medium Hybridization  They feature idle-stop function  Regenerative braking  Most are not capable of using the electric motor alone to propel the vehicle  The electric motor usually assists the engine  Battery voltages are about 144 to 158 volts SEMINAR PRESENTATION 6

7. Types of Hybridization 3. Full Hybridization  They feature idle-stop function  Regenerative braking  Most are capable of using the electric motor alone to propel the vehicle  The electric motor also assists the engine  Battery voltages are about 200 to 300 vol ts SEMINAR PRESENTATION 7

8. Types of Hybrid 1. Series hybrid  The fuel tank goes to the engine, but the engine turns a generator.  Then the generator can either charge the batteries or power an electric motor that drives the transmission.  The gasoline engine does not directly power the car. SEMINAR PRESENTATION 8

9. Types of HEV 2. Parallel Hybrid  Has a fuel tank that supplies gas to the engine like a regular car.  It also has a set of batteries that run an electric motor.  Both the engine and electric motor can turn the transmission at the same time SEMINAR PRESENTATION 9

10. Types of HEV 3. Series-Parallel Hybrid  Series-Parallel type also called Power-split hybrids.  More beneficial then above hybrid.  Most of the latest vehicle based on this hybrid. SEMINAR PRESENTATION 10

11. Parts of HEV vehicle 1. Engine  It’s much same as other vehicles engine, but the size of hybrid electric vehicle engine is small and it’s more fuel efficient.  There are two types of engine, mostly used in HEV vehicle a. Petrol Engine b. Diesel Engine SEMINAR PRESENTATION 11

12. Parts of HEV vehicle 2. Battery  It stores the energy generated from gasoline engine or during regenerative braking, from the electric motor.  There are 3 types of batteries used in HEV vehicles a. Lead Acid(2.2 volt) b. Nickel Cadmium (1.2 volt) c. Lithium-ion(3.7 volt) SEMINAR PRESENTATION 12

13. Parts of HEV vehicle 3. Electrical Motor  It’s power the vehicle at low speed and assist the gasoline engine when additional power is needed.  Most of the electric machines used in hybrid vehicles are brushless DC motors (BLDC). SEMINAR PRESENTATION 13

14. Parts of HEV vehicle 4. Controller  The controller is used to charge the battery or to supply the power to electric motor. a. Converts Battery DC to a chopped DC power b. Can chop in amplitude (DC) or frequency (AC) c. Power is based on low voltage input signal 4-20 mA or 0-5V SEMINAR PRESENTATION 14

15. Parts of HEV vehicle 5. Generator  It converts mechanical energy from engine into electrical energy, which can be used by electric motor stored in the battery. It’s also used to start the gasoline engine instantly. SEMINAR PRESENTATION 15

16. Advantages of HEV  Savings  Low Emissions  Reduced Noise Pollution  Low Maintenance  Safe to Drive SEMINAR PRESENTATION 16

17. Disadvantages of HEV  Hybrids are more expensive than non hybrids .  Hybrids (in regards to a car accident) have a much higher risk of exploding because it has a combination of gasoline and ethanol.  Sometimes they can be pretty ugly.  Parts can be very expensive to repair. (between $1,00,000 and $3,00,000 for a battery).  Slower than petrol powered cars. SEMINAR PRESENTATION 17

18. Future Scope  All the Major Automobile manufactures are working on Hybrid Electrical Vehicle.  Heavy vehicle like trucks will be use hybrid system in future.  Efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle will further increase in future.  Safety features will be add in new generation hybrid car or other vehicle.  Power of car have to increase in future.  Price of vehicle will reduce due to increase in production rate of hybrid electric vehicles. SEMINAR PRESENTATION 18

19. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Abstract — The high cost of fossil fuel and environmental concerns forced the automotive industry to seek innovative ways to improve gas mileage. The short term solution to these concerns is the concept of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) that combines the use of an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor (EM). The energy of the battery used by a HEV can come from renewable sources such as solar and wind energy. It can also come from the energy recovered while decelerating the vehicle. The use of hybrid vehicles creates new control challenges in the area of energy management. The objective of this paper is to design and test a simple automatic control strategy to simplify the energy management problem of HEV. The main idea is to control the electric motor to provide the power needed to meet the minimum torque requirement, under no load condition and flat road, at different speed ranges of the vehicle. The remaining power will be provided by the ICE. The minimum torque and corresponding power will be determined using the vehicle model. Contrary to existing power management approaches, the proposed strategy does not require sophisticated optimization techniques nor use ad hoc rules that are difficult to tune. In addition, the proposed strategy is simple to implement as it requires only the knowledge of the vehicle speed and battery state of charge. The proposed control strategy was tested using a 2000 Honda Insight vehicle that was modeled using ADVISOR 2002 vehicle simulator. Preliminary simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can improve the gas mileage of the Honda Insight by as much as 50% SEMINAR PRESENTATION 19

20. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Introduction Hybrid electric vehicles are the short term solution to the reduction in the demand for fossil fuels. HEVs pose a challenging energy management problem. How to effectively split the required torque between the EM and the ICE will greatly impact the gas mileage and state of charge of the battery source of energy [1]. Much research has been done in recent years in HEV control and several management and control strategies have been proposed. These strategies include optimal, intelligent, as well as rule-based approaches. Each method has its degree of complexity, strength, and limitation [2, 3]. Some of these control strategies are; 1- Parallel electric assist control strategy, 2- Fuzzy logic control for optimum fuel use, 3- Fuzzy logic control for vehicle efficiency, 4- Adaptive control strategy , 5- Torque split control strategy (Honda Insight Model) [4 ] The Honda Insight Torque Split control strategy developed as a result of test data analysis and observation of component behavior in NREL [5]. The control strategy block receives the torque required into the clutch. Based on this value and the vehicle speed, the electric motor torque contribution is calculated. The remaining torque is demanded from the IC engine. This parallel electric assist and fuzzy logic control strategies are tested and compared on Honda Insight vehicle model by using Advisor, HEV Simulator [6]. SEMINAR PRESENTATION 20

21. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles The difficulty of implementing these control strategies lies either in obtaining the information required to implement the strategy, the lack of availability of expert knowledge for the intelligent control strategy, or tuning the rules for simple strategies such as the rule based strategy This paper proposes a different control strategy that is simple to implement on actual HEVs and help improve the gas mileage. This is motivated by the observation that, as shown in Figure 1, typical fuel consumption of an ICE is high at low speed and decreases as the speed increases beyond 45 km/h The idea suggests that if a baseline torque needed by the vehicle is provided by an EM when the speed of the vehicle is low, the overall gas mileage of the vehicle will increase. For a predetermined speed range, a given fixed torque will be provided by the EM. The calculation of this torque will be explained in part 2. SEMINAR PRESENTATION 21

22. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles SEMINAR PRESENTATION 22

23. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN The key issue of the proposed design is to control the EM torque to provide the baseline torque. Given the vehicle model under no load condition and driven on a flat road and given the desired vehicle speed, the required torque is determined using the vehicle model. Then the required power can be computed . There is a quasi steady-state vehicle model derived from ADVISOR for a Honda Insight model HEV [6]. This is a backward simulation which is transferring the required speed and torque information for each block, and a feedback control system is used for error minimization ADVISOR was designed to analyze vehicle powertrains, focusing on power flows among the components. When it is used to follow a driving cycle, such as the Federal Urban Driving Schedule, its main outputs are fuel use and tailpipe emissions The Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) [10] is selected as a reference cycle to model, design and simulate the proposed vehicle power system . SEMINAR PRESENTATION 23

24. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles SEMINAR PRESENTATION 24

25. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles SEMINAR PRESENTATION 25

26. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Control Design Implementation The vehicle model is one of the essential information needed to implement the proposed control strategy. The vehicle used in this work is a 2000 Honda Insight. The vehicle is simulated using the software package ADVISOR [6], where advanced electric machine models and motor speed-efficiency characteristics [13] are implemented . The Honda Insight Torque Split control strategy was developed as a result of test data analysis and observation of component behavior in NREL [5]. The control strategy block receives the torque required into the clutch. Based on this value and the vehicle speed, the EM torque contribution is calculated. The remaining torque is provided by the IC engine . This simulation software will be used to determine the rated mpg, SOC (Figure 8) and loading curves (Figure 6) of the vehicle with Honda Insight’s existing control strategy. Using this data, it is possible to make a comparison of the existing HEV control strategy [14] with the proposed one The proposed control system conceptual design is shown in Figure 5. The torque and speed are the inputs. Since EM and ICE are rotating with the same speed which is already monitored, no new instrumentation is needed to implement our control strategy. As seen on Figure 5, there are three tasks that need to be accomplished: acceleration detection, SOC correction, and required power calculation . SEMINAR PRESENTATION 26

27. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles CONCLUSION The paper proposed a new simple control strategy to manage the torque contribution of the ICE and EM for the Honda Insight hybrid electric vehicle . The control strategy requires the least amount of instrumentation and is easy to implement. It provides improved gas mileage and has a smooth SOC curve which makes this strategy attractive for the HEV control in the real world. SEMINAR PRESENTATION 27

28. A Simple Power Based Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Thank You SEMINAR PRESENTATION 28