Seminar presentation _Personal Causes of Aggression _Fiza M_20250220_122633_0000.pdf

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1. Personal
Causes of
Aggression
Presented by Fiza

2. Behavior directed toward the goal of harming another
living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment.
Personal Causes of Aggression:
Type A Behavior1.
Hostility2.
Irritability3.
Gender4.
Aggression

3. ▪️Term introduced by Friedman and Rosenman.
▪️Describes a set of personality characteristics.
High levels of competitiveness.
Strong sense of time urgency.
Prone to hostility and aggressive behaviors.
Highly competitive and achievement-oriented.
Constantly worried about time.
Engage in multiple activities simultaneously.
Often work under time pressure.
Type A Behavior

4. People with Type A behavior are more prone to
stress and frustration, which can lead to
heightened aggression.
Their constant drive for achievement and time
pressure can cause emotional outbursts and
aggressive reactions.
Example: A person constantly rushing to meet
deadlines may become irritable and aggressive
when things don’t go as planned.

5. Hostility refers to a negative emotional state characterized by
anger, resentment, and a predisposition toward aggressive or
confrontational behavior.
When individuals perceive hostility in others, they often
respond aggressively.
Aggression is driven by aggressive cognition, such as thinking,
(“If they are hostile toward me, I’ll strike first").
Individuals differ significantly in their tendency to perceive others as
hostile.
1.High Perception: Some individuals perceive nearly everyone they meet
as hostile.
2.Low Perception: Others rarely view people as hostile.
3.Middle Ground: Most individuals recognize varying levels of hostility in
others.
Hostility

6. This bias involves attributing even innocent actions of others to
hostility.
People high in this bias are more likely to respond aggressively to
neutral or ambiguous behaviors.
This bias is a significant personal cause of aggression, as it
misinterprets intent and fuels conflict.
Hostile individuals may express their anger more overtly and aggressively.
They often perceive situations as threatening or offensive, leading to
reactions marked by verbal or physical aggression.
Example: A person who feels threatened or judged by others may respond
with hostility, becoming aggressive in conversations or interactions.

7. Irritability refers to a heightened state of sensitivity to
frustration or stress, which can lead to aggressive
behavior.
When someone is irritable, even minor annoyances can
trigger an aggressive response.
Irritability can be connected to certain personality traits:
Neuroticism: Individuals high in neuroticism often
experience negative emotions like anxiety, anger, and
frustration more intensely. This heightened emotional
sensitivity can lead to increased irritability.
Irritability

8. Type A Personality: People with a Type A personality are often
characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a high level of stress.
Their intense drive and urgency can make them more prone to irritability,
especially in stressful situations.
Impulsivity: People who exhibit impulsive traits may react quickly and
without much thought to situations that irritate them, leading to
aggressive or irritated responses.
Example, a person with high neuroticism might become irritated when their
plans are disrupted, reacting with frustration rather than calmly adapting to
the change.

9. Irritable individuals have a lower threshold for
frustration and may react aggressively to
situations that wouldn't typically provoke others.
This can escalate into conflict or violence.
Example: A person might snap or react harshly to a
situation as simple as a delay in receiving service or a
minor inconvenience.

10. Research studies have shown that there are sex differences in
aggression.
Males are found to be more aggressive than females.
Males are significantly more likely than females to aggress
against others when the provocation for aggression was absent.
Gender difference tends shrink or even disappears when there is
provocation.
Gender differences are also found with respect to types of
aggression. Males are more likely than females to engage in
various forms of physical aggression such as kicking, punching,
hitting and use of weapons.
On the other hand women are found to indulge more in verbal
assaults.
Gender

11. Reference :-
Social Psychology Fourteenth Edition Global Edition Nyla R.
Branscombe University of Kansas Robert A. Baron Oklahoma
State University