Semisolid dosage forms ppt

Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.

1. Semisolid dosage forms Dr. P. R. Chavan Pharm D

2. Classification

3. 1. Ointments: Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing with or without medicaments with suitable ointment base Either Medicated Or Non Medicated

4. Types Medicated Either dissolved or dispersed in a vehicle as fine powder e.g steroids. Unmedicated Unmedicated ointments are used for physical effects such as protectants or lubricants

5. OINTMENT BASES Ointment bases are classified into four general groups. . Oleaginous bases. Absorption bases. Water-removable bases/ emulsion bases. Water-soluble bases.

6. OLEAGINOUS BASES (HYDROCARBON BASES) On application to skin they have an emollient effect. Protect against escape of moisture. They are effective as occlusive dressings. Immiscible with water and difficult to wash off.

7. They can remain on skin for longer periods without drying out. Water and aqueous solutions in small amounts can be incorporated with small difficulty. . . When powdered substances are to be incorrporated liquid petrolatum is used as levigating agent.

8. THEY INCLUDE Petrolatum . white petrolatum . Yellow ointment . White ointment

9. ABSORPTION BASES Two types those that permit incorporation of aqueous solutions resulting in formation of w/o emulsions . . those that are already w/o emulsions and permit incorporation of additional quantity of aqueous solution

10. THEY INCLUDE Lanolin Anhydrous Lanolin Cold Cream

11. WATER REMOVABLE BASES (EMULSIFYING BASES) They are oil in water emulsions having an emulsifier which makes them readily miscible with water. They may be diluted with water or aqueous solutions. . . Because of their surface active property they facilitate contact b/w skin and medicament Readily water washable

12. THEY INCLUDE Hydrophillic Ointments . Vanishing Creams

13. WATER SOLUBLE BASES Unlike other bases they contain only water soluble components (greaseless bases) . They are completely water washable . Aqueous solutions can not be incorporated efficiently because they soften greatly with water addition

14. They mostly are used for incorporation of solid substances . These bases are used for local anaesthetics and are used when easy washing from skin is required . They include: Peg ointment

15. 2. Creams: Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing with or without medicaments with suitable fatty base

16. types Aqueous - o/w EA- anionic, cationic, and nonionic waxes, polysoebates and triethanolamine soaps Oily – w/o EA- wool fat,wool alcohols, beeswax, calcium soap

17. 3. Paste: Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing high proportion of finely powdered medicaments with suitable fatty base – zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, starch etc Antiseptic, protective, soothing dressing

18. 4. Gels: Transparent semisolid dosage forms for external use containing hydrophilic or hydrophobic base with gelling agents

19. 5. Poultices: Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing medicaments applied to the skin to hold the dressing and protective

20. Advantages of semi-solid dosage forms: The major advantage of a semi-solid dosage form is that it can be applied directly to the affected area, it gives prolong the action, and does not need to be administered orally . It is convenient for unconscious patients or patients, such as children and old people, for whom oral administration is difficult . Semisolid dosage forms are more stable in atmospheric conditions than liquid dosage forms and solid dosage forms.

21. Cont.. It is suitable for those APIs that are low-density, amorphous hygroscopic . Different drugs and excipients or ingredients can be added together to form a single dose . It gives better adhesion and lasts long after application, hence the medicament give longer action . It is washable after each use.

22. Cont.. It is used externally, thereby reducing the risk of side effects . It does not harm the gastrointestinal tract, as it does not need to be taken orally . The semi-solid dosage form is more convenient for patients than other forms of drug administration . It is suitable for medicines with a bitter taste, as it does not need to be taken orally.

23. Disadvantages of semi-solid dosage forms: The major disadvantage of the semi-solid dosage form is that it has no dose accuracy and it needs to be applied directly . In general, Pharmaceutical creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are greasy and they difficult to clean . The semi-solid dosage form is less stable than the solid dosage form .

24. Cont.. The need to apply with the fingers every time can cause contamination . Some patients may become irritation or allergic . Semisolid dosage forms are usually a costly dosage because its manufacturing process is complex .

25. Cont.. Semisolid dosage forms are Physio -chemically less stable compared with the solid dosage form. Clothing staining is often associated with the use of creams, ointments, gels, and paste . The base used in the dose may be oxidized.