SENNOSIDES(3).pptx

Pharmacognosy

1. SENNOSIDES Anziya P A Deepthi Subramanian Vth Sem B Pharm

2. SOURCE Sennosides are dimeric anthraquinone glycosides , obtained from the dried leaves and pods of Cassia angustifolia (Tinnervelly senna, Indian senna) and Cassia acutifolia (Alexandrian senna). FAMILY :- Leguminosae

3. CHEMISTRY Sennosides A and B form a pair of stereoisomers containing rhein dianthrone (Sennidin A and B) as the aglycone. The other two sennosides- sennoside C & D are the dianthrone of aloe-emodin & Rhein .

4. GLYCOSIDES R C-10&C-10’ CHARACTERISTICS Sennoside A -COOH Trans- Optically active, a levorotatory isomer present in large concentration ; water insoluble Sennoside B -COOH Meso- Intramolecular compensated present in large conc.; more water soluble Sennoside C -CH2OH Trans- Aglycone (-) isomer ; present in small conc. Sennoside D -CH2OH Meso- Aglycone (+) isomer; present in small conc.

5. PROPERTIES Sennosides A & B occurs as a brownish powder Sennosides are soluble in alcohol Sennosides are sparingly soluble in acetone 10% suspension of sennosides in water has a pH of 6.3 to 7.7

6. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ISOLATED COMMERCIALLY AS CALCIUM SENNOSIDE

7. METHOD A Extract the powdered drug with benzene for 2 hrs in an electric shaker at room temperature Extract the dried marc with 70% methanol for 4 hrs and collect the methanol extract Filtered and collect the marc and the dry marc at room temperature

8. Re-extract the marc with methanol for 2hrs Mix both the methanol extract and reduce the volume to 1/8 th of the original volume Add HCl with stirring and acidified to pH3.2 2. Filter 1. Kept aside for 2 hrs at 50 ° C

9. Add ammonia solution and adjust the pH to 8 Set aside for 2 hrs Filter, collect and dry the ppt of calcium sennoside dried over P2O5 Add anhydrous calcium chloride in alcohol to the filtrate

10. IDENTIFICATION TEST Borntrager test Powdered drug/leaflet and dil. H 2 SO 4 heat for few min on water bath Filter Shake with chloroform Separate the organic layer Add equal amount of ammonia solution & shake Aqueous ammoniacal layer turns pink in colour

11. ESTIMATION OF SENNOSIDES Spectrophotometric Spectrofluorimetric Chromatographic techniques like HPLC, HPTLC, etc. Calcium sennosides are extracted with boiling water Oxidized by treating with Fe Cl3 Acid hydrolysis [glycosidic linkage] Extracted with ether Pink-colored complex Estimated spectrophotometrically Anthraquinone X 1N KOH Anthraquinone residue Evaporated ether solution

12. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF SENNOSIDES AND RHEIN GLYCOSIDES IN SENNA AND ITS PREPARATIONS Powdered senna Extract with water Aqueous extract Extract with ether Ether phase discarded (free aglycones) aloe- emodin, rhein

13. Extracted with ethyl acetate Ethyl acetate phase Extract with NaHCO3 solution Hydrolysate Aqueous phase Hydrolysis with HCl aqueous phase discarded Powered Calcium sennoside tablets Ethyl acetate phase discarded (non carbocyclic anthracene and flavonoid genins) Water Carboxylic and non carboxylic anthracene genins + flavonoid genins NaHCO3 phase Anthracene and flavonoid glycoside( kaempferine and kaempferol)

14. Washed with ethyl acetate Purified NaHCO3 solution(carboxylic genin mainly sennosidin + rhein) Acidified extract with ethyl acetate Ethyl acetate phase Measuring at 377 nm (sennidin) and 430 nm (rhein) Calculation of sennoside and rhein glycoside Aqueous phase discarded Check for any carboxylic genins( tlc )

15. The extinction (absorbance) of the solution was measure against pure solvent at 377 and 430 nm, and the percentage of sennoside and total rhein glycoside was calculated

16. UTILIZATION Laxative in habitual constipation The glycosides absorbed first in Intestinal tract, then aglycone is separated and excreted in colon. It causes irritation and stimulation of colon, so movement (peristalsis) of colon increases , peristalsis also reduces water absorption. Hence soft and bulky feces are formed. Due to resin and emodin content griping occurs hence drug is given with carminative. Purgative activity of senna is mainly due to sennoside A & B , sennoside C & D exerts a powerful synergistic effect opens the purgative activity of sennoside A & B

17. MARKETED PRODUCTS It is one of the ingredients of the preparations known as constivac , softovac ( Lupin herbal laboratory ) & isova powder, kultab tablet ( vasu healthcare )

18. BRANDED PREPARATIONS -glaxenna (glaxo) -pursennid (sandoz) -helmacid with senna(Allenburrys)

19. AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS Panchasar churna Skatasar churna Yasthadi churna

20. REFERENCES Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry by Vinod D Rangari; Pg no 321-322 Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry by Ashukosh Kar; Pg no 158 -160 Industrial pharmacognosy by Kalia; Pg no 72 Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry by Biren Shah and A K Seth; Pg no 235-238 Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans; Pg no 234-235 Pharmacognosy 9 th edition - Varro E ,Tyler-Lynn, Brady, James E, Robbers; Pg no 65 Indian pharmacopoeia; Vol III Ayurvedic drug plants; Anil Kumar Dhiman

21. THANK YOU