Sensing Presence (PreSense) Ontology - User Modelling in the Semantic Sensor Web

Increasingly, people's digital identities are attached to, and expressed through, their mobile devices. At the same time digital sensors pervade smart environments in which people are immersed.
This paper explores different perspectives in which users' modelling features can be expressed through the information obtained by their attached personal sensors. We introduce the PreSense Ontology, which is designed to assign meaning to sensors' observations in terms of user modelling features. We believe that the Sensing Presence PreSense Ontology is a first step toward the integration of user modelling and "smart environments". In order to motivate our work we present a scenario and demonstrate how the ontology could be applied in order to enable context-sensitive services.

1. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Sensing
Presence
(PreSense)
Ontology
–


User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

A.E.
Cano,
A.‐S.
Dadzie,
V.S.
Uren,
F.
Ciravegna

The
Oak
Group,


Department
of
Computer
Science,


The
University
of
Sheffield


2. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Outline

• Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• Related
Work

• Sensors
&
User
Context

• Aims
&
Challenges

– Scenario
of
Use

• PreSense
Ontology

– Requirements

– Design

– Usage

• Conclusions


3. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Introduc3on/Mo3va3on
–


Mobiles,
Sensors
&
Smart
Environments


4. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Outline

• Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• Related
Work

• Sensors
&
User
Context

• Aims
&
Challenges

– Scenario
of
Use

• PreSense
Ontology

– Requirements

– Design

– Usage

• Conclusions


5. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• the
need
to
iden3fy:

– users’
aVached
sensors


– the
observa3ons
of
these
sensors
as
physical
and
online
resources

• 
address
the
data
streams
generated
as
users’
feature
proper3es

• exis3ng
ontologies
address
some
of
the
requirements
to
handle

this:


6. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Outline

• Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• Related
Work

• Sensors
&
User
Context

• Aims
&
Challenges

– Scenario
of
Use

• PreSense
Ontology

– Requirements

– Design

– Usage

• Conclusions


7. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Sensors
&
User
Context

Static/Stable Features
Work place
Name

8. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Sensors
&
User
Context

Static/Stable Features
Work place
Name
Highly changing Features
Position
Interests

9. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Outline

• Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• Related
Work

• Sensors
&
User
Context

• Aims
&
Challenges

– Scenario
of
Use

• PreSense
Ontology

– Requirements

– Design

– Usage

• Conclusions


10. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Aims
&
Challenges

• current
user
modelling
methods

– depict
the
digital
iden3ty
of
a
given
person

– consider
sensor
informa3on
distributed
across
physical
and
online

worlds

• explore
new
techniques
for
combining:

– sta3c/stable
features

– dynamic
or
highly
changing
features

• explore
different
perspec3ves
in
which
the
aVachment
of
sensor

data
feeds
into
user
models


– capture
interac3on
with
smart
objects
and
environments

– make
use
of
surrounding,
real‐3me
context

– by
aVaching
sensor
data
streams
(physical
and
virtual)
to
user
profiles


11. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Outline

• Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• Related
Work

• Sensors
&
User
Context

• Aims
&
Challenges

– Scenario
of
Use

• PreSense
Ontology

– Requirements

– Design

– Usage

• Conclusions


12. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Scenario


13. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Scenario
–
Challenges
Portrayed

• access
to
networks

– WAN/LAN

– bluetooth,
other
local
wireless
networks

• currency
and
validity
of
informa3on


• physical
presence
data
vs
online
presence
data

• verifica3on
of
iden3ty

– associa3on
of
sensor
data
with
en33es/individuals

– trust,
privacy
–
what
informa3on
should
be
shared,
and
with

whom


14. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Outline

• Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• Related
Work

• Sensors
&
User
Context

• Aims
&
Challenges

– Scenario
of
Use

• PreSense
Ontology

– Requirements

– Design

– Usage

• Conclusions


15. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology
‐
Requirements

• Iden3fica3on
and
Addressability

• Sensor
Ownership
and
Provenance

• Associa3on
of
Sensor
Data
and
Profile
Informa3on

• Privacy
in
Data
Streams

• Sensor
Data
Expira3on

• Interac3on
with
Smart
En33es

• Integrate
Physical
and
Virtual
Presence
S3muli


16. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Outline

• Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• Related
Work

• Sensors
&
User
Context

• Aims
&
Challenges

– Scenario
of
Use

• PreSense
Ontology

– Requirements

– Design

– Usage

• Conclusions


17. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Imported
Ontologies


• Seman3c
Sensor
Network
Incubator
Group
(SSN‐XG)

– to
model
sensors

• FOAF

– to
model
en33es,
e.g.,
Person
• Provenance
Vocabulary
(PRV)

– provenance‐related
metadata
for
sensors
and
their
owners

• Web
of
Trust
(WOT)

– to
verify
ownership
of
a
sensor

• Online
Presence
Ontology
(OPO)

– users'
online
presence
proper3es

• Dolce
Ultralight
Ontology
(DUL)

• to
model
selected
proper3es
of
an
en3ty,
e.g.,
context


18. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Core
Concepts
–


Entity
• func3ons

– describe
iden33es
of
Persons
and
other
en33es
to
whom
sensor
data
is
aVached

– prevent
falsifica3on
of
provenance
(through
wot:User)

• aVaches
sensors
to
En33es
using
ps:hasSensor property


19. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Core
Concepts
–


Sensor
• a
physical
object
that
detects,
observes
and
measures
a

s3mulus

– ps:attachedTo
property
used
to
indicate
Entity
to
which
a
Sensor

is
aVached


20. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Core
Concepts
–


PhysicalPresence
• aggrega3on
of
physical
proper3es

• derived
by
sensors
observing
physical
s3muli
exhibited
by
an

Entity,
e.g.,
physical
loca3on,
blood
glucose
levels

21. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

• abstrac3on
of
the
aggrega3on
of
online
proper3es
exhibited
by
an

Entity,

– e.g.,
detec3on
of
change
of
status
on
a
social
network
site

• derived
by
virtual
sensors
observing
s3muli


PreSense
Core
Concepts
–


OnlinePresence

22. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Core
Concepts
–


FeaturePropertyAssociation
• bridge
between
a
sensor's
observed
s3mulus
and
the
feature

that
this
s3mulus
characterises
in
a
user,
e.g.,


– a
sensor
observes
changes
in
Bob’s
BloodGlucose
levels
‐
the

feature
of
interest

– this
associa3on
enables
Alice
to
monitor
Bob’s
sugar
levels


23. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology

Complete ontology available at: http://purl.org/net/preSense/ns

24. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology

Match
of
core
PreSense
ontology
components
to
requirements


25. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Outline

• Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• Related
Work

• Sensors
&
User
Context

• Aims
&
Challenges

– Scenario
of
Use

• PreSense
Ontology

– Requirements

– Design

– Usage

• Conclusions


26. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Scenario
Reminder


27. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology
‐
Modules

• modelling
aspects
of
the
user’s
physical
proper3es
using

PreSense

– e.g.,
monitoring
Bob’s
glucose
levels

– handles
features
related
to
Location
and
PhysiologicalState

28. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology
‐
Modules

@prefix ps: <http://purl.org/net/preSense/ns\#> .
@prefix physioState: <http://purl.org/net/preSense/physioState/ns\#> .
@prefix prvTypes: <http://purl.org/net/provenance/types#> .
@prefix prv: <http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns> .
@prefix ssn: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn\#> .
<http://my.identity.org/Bob> a ps:Entity, a foaf:Person;
ps:hasSensor <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/glSen1/>.
ps:declaresPresence _:p1.
_:p1 a ps:Presence;
ps:hasPresenceComponent _:phyPr.
_:phyPr a ps:PhysicalPresence;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:prop1.

_:prop1 a physioState:GlucoseLevel;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:glucoseLevel.
ps:isPropertyOf _:bloodGlucose .
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/glSen1/>
a ssn:Sensor, prv:Actor, prvTypes:Sensor;
prv:operatedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob> .
prv:observedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/glSen1/>.
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/glSen1/> a ssn:Observation;
ssn:observedProperty _:glucoseLevel.
_:glucoseLevel a ssn:Property, ps:PresenceProperty;
ssn:isPropertyOf _:bloodGlucose.
_:bloodGlucose a ps:FeaturePropertyAssociation;
@prefix ps: <http://purl.org/net/preSense/ns\#> .
@prefix physioState: <http://purl.org/net/
preSensephysioState/ns\#> .
@prefix prvTypes: <http://purl.org/net/provenance/types#> .
@prefix prv: <http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns> .
@prefix ssn: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn\#> .
<http://my.identity.org/Bob> a ps:Entity, a foaf:Person;
ps:hasSensor <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/glSen1/>.
ps:declaresPresence _:p1.
_

29. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology
‐
Modules

@prefix ps: <http://purl.org/net/preSense/ns\#> .
@prefix physioState: <http://purl.org/net/preSense/physioState/ns\#> .
@prefix prvTypes: <http://purl.org/net/provenance/types#> .
@prefix prv: <http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns> .
@prefix ssn: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn\#> .
<http://my.identity.org/Bob> a ps:Entity, a foaf:Person;
ps:hasSensor <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/glSen1/>.
ps:declaresPresence _:p1.
_:p1 a ps:Presence;
ps:hasPresenceComponent _:phyPr.
_:phyPr a ps:PhysicalPresence;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:prop1.

_:prop1 a physioState:GlucoseLevel;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:glucoseLevel.
_:bloodGlucose .
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/glSen1/>
a ssn:Sensor, prv:Actor, prvTypes:Sensor;
prv:operatedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob> .
prv:observedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/glSen1/>.
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/glSen1/> a ssn:Observation;
ssn:observedProperty _:glucoseLevel.
_:glucoseLevel a ssn:Property, ps:PresenceProperty;
ssn:isPropertyOf _:bloodGlucose.
_:bloodGlucose a ps:FeaturePropertyAssociation;
_:p1 a ps:Presence;
ps:hasPresenceComponent _:phyPr.
_:phyPr a ps:PhysicalPresence;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:prop1.

_:prop1 a physioState:GlucoseLevel;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:glucoseLevel.
ps:isPropertyOf _:bloodGlucose .

30. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology
‐
Modules

@prefix ps: <http://purl.org/net/preSense/ns\#> .
@prefix physioState: <http://purl.org/net/preSense/physioState/ns\#> .
@prefix prvTypes: <http://purl.org/net/provenance/types#> .
@prefix prv: <http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns> .
@prefix ssn: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn\#> .
<http://my.identity.org/Bob> a ps:Entity, a foaf:Person;
ps:hasSensor <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/glSen1/>.
ps:declaresPresence _:p1.
_:p1 a ps:Presence;
ps:hasPresenceComponent _:phyPr.
_:phyPr a ps:PhysicalPresence;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:prop1.

_:prop1 a physioState:GlucoseLevel;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:glucoseLevel.
ps:isPropertyOf _:bloodGlucose .
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/glSen1/>
a ssn:Sensor, prv:Actor, prvTypes:Sensor;
prv:operatedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob> .
prv:observedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/glSen1/>.
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/glSen1/> a ssn:Observation;
ssn:observedProperty _:glucoseLevel.
_:glucoseLevel a ssn:Property, ps:PresenceProperty;
ssn:isPropertyOf _:bloodGlucose.
_:bloodGlucose a ps:FeaturePropertyAssociation;
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/glSen1/>
a ssn:Sensor, prv:Actor, prvTypes:Sensor;
prv:operatedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob> .
prv:observedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/
observations/glSen1/>.
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/glSen1/>
a ssn:Observation;
ssn:observedProperty _:glucoseLevel.
_:glucoseLevel a ssn:Property, ps:PresenceProperty;
ssn:isPropertyOf _:bloodGlucose.
_:bloodGlucose a ps:FeaturePropertyAssociation;

31. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology
‐
Modules

• Modeling
aspects
of
the
user’s
online
(virtual)
presence
using

PreSense

– e.g.,
monitoring
Bob’s
tweet
stream

– handles
features
related
to
OnlineStatusStream

32. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology
‐
Modules

<http://my.identity.org/Bob> a ps:Entity, a foaf:Person; ps:hasSensor <http://my.identity.org/Bob/
sensors/stSen1/>.
ps:declaresPresence _:p1.
_:p1 a ps:Presence;
ps:hasPresenceComponent _:onlPr.
_:onlPr a ps:OnlinePresence;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:prop2.
_:prop2 a ps:OnlineStatusStream; ps:hasPresenceProperty :personalStatusStream.
ps:isPropertyOf :twitterStatusStream .
<http://my.identity.org/Bob//stSen1/> a ssn:Sensor, prv:Actor, prvTypes:Sensor;
prv:operatedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob> . prv:observedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/
observations/stSen1/>.<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/stSen1/> a ssn:Observation;
ssn:observedProperty :personalStatusStream
.:personalStatusStreama ssn:Property, ps:PresenceProperty;
ssn:isPropertyOf :twitterStatusStream.:twitterStatusStreama ps:FeaturePropertyAssociation
<http://my.identity.org/Bob> a ps:Entity, a foaf:Person;
ps:hasSensor <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/stSen1/>.
ps:declaresPresence _:p1.
_:p1 a ps:Presence;
ps:hasPresenceComponent _:onlPr.
_:onlPr a ps:OnlinePresence;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:prop2.
_:prop2 a ps:OnlineStatusStream;
ps:hasPresenceProperty :personalStatusStream.
ps:isPropertyOf :twitterStatusStream .

33. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

PreSense
Ontology
‐
Modules

<http://my.identity.org/Bob> a ps:Entity, a foaf:Person; ps:hasSensor <http://my.identity.org/Bob/
sensors/stSen1/>.
ps:declaresPresence _:p1.
_:p1 a ps:Presence;
ps:hasPresenceComponent _:onlPr.
_:onlPr a ps:OnlinePresence;
ps:hasPresenceProperty _:prop2.
_:prop2 a ps:OnlineStatusStream; ps:hasPresenceProperty :personalStatusStream.
ps:isPropertyOf :twitterStatusStream .
<http://my.identity.org/Bob//stSen1/> a ssn:Sensor, prv:Actor, prvTypes:Sensor;
prv:operatedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob> . prv:observedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/
observations/stSen1/>.<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/stSen1/> a ssn:Observation;
ssn:observedProperty :personalStatusStream
.:personalStatusStreama ssn:Property, ps:PresenceProperty;
ssn:isPropertyOf :twitterStatusStream.:twitterStatusStreama ps:FeaturePropertyAssociation
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sensors/stSen1/> a ssn:Sensor;
prv:operatedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob> .
prv:observedBy <http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/
stSen1/>.
<http://my.identity.org/Bob/sos/observations/stSen1/> a
ssn:Observation;
ssn:observedProperty _:personalStatusStream.
_:personalStatusStream a ssn:Property, ps:PresenceProperty;
ssn:isPropertyOf _:twitterStatusStream.
_:twitterStatusStream a ps:FeaturePropertyAssociation

34. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Outline

• Introduc3on/Mo3va3on

• Related
Work

• Sensors
&
User
Context

• Aims
&
Challenges

– Scenario
of
Use

• PreSense
Ontology

– Requirements

– Design

– Usage

• Conclusions


35. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Conclusions

The
PreSense
Ontology,
compared
to
exis3ng,
standard
models
–

fulfilment
of
requirements


36. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

Next
Steps

• further
development
of
PreSense
modules


– to
address
interac3on
with
smart
en33es
and
environments,
e.g.,


• mapping
user
loca3ons
to
NearByPOIs
and
NearByFriends

• tes3ng
applica3on
of
PreSense
in
real
world
scenarios

– by
exploring
new
environments
and
ongoing
events

– plans
to
evaluate
PreSense
during
Sheffield
2011
Tramlines
Fes3val

• link
users’
ps:PhysicalPresence
(via
mobile
GPS)
to

ps:OnlinePresence
(via
twiVer
and
public
Facebook
feeds)

• collect
and
broadcast
informa3on,
e.g.,


– par3cipants’
interests
in
music
and
fes3vals
(Events)

– preferences
when
exploring
new
loca3ons
(NearByPOIs)

– informa3on
on
NearByFriends


37. PreSense:
User
Modelling
in
the
Seman3c
Sensor
Web

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