Sensory needs nursing power point presentation

Sensory needs nursing power point presentation

1. NURSING FOUNDATION TOPIC: SENSORY NEEDS

2. INTRODUCTION Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment

3. WHAT IS THE SENSE ORGAN? The human body has five main sense organs – EYE - which provide the sense of sight NOSE - which provide the sense of smell EAR - which provide the sense of hearing SKIN - which provide the sense of touch TONGUE - which provide the sense of taste

4. SENSORY NEED Sensory need or issue occurs when we have difficulties for receiving and responding to information from their sense Most of the patient may develop sensory impairment and at the risk of injury

5. RECEPTION Reception is the process of receiving internal and external stimuli from nerve ending through vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch . Once receive the stimulus they convert energy from stimulus to electrical signals. This electrical signals passes from the spinal cord to the brain

6. PERCEPTION It is the vital aspect of senses to understand world around people. It is the ability to receive sensory input, through various physiological processes in the body The perception is strongly influence by level of consciousness, past experience, education, culture, value and other factors

7. REACTION The human brain is filled with millions of stimuli entering into the nervous system among those choosing appropriate response to the proper stimuli is called sensory reaction. It is an uncontrolled emotional or behavioral reaction to overwhelming stress or sensory overload that can trigger a flight or fight reaction. The person usually reacts to environmental stimuli when it is most important and meaningful

8. AROUSAL MECHANISM Arousal is the process of conscious a wakefulness of physiological and psychological sensory perception. It mainly balance the alertness, consciousness, attention and informing processing. Arousal is the most powerful and essential function in the brain.

9. AROUSAL MECHANISM (Conti…) It involves activation of the autonomy nervous system, endocrine system for the readiness to respond perceived stimuli Raised blood pressure, pulse, respiration, emotion, behavior, fight or flight response and sexual activity.

10. FACTORS AFFECTING SENSORY FUNCTION

11. DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATION Human nervous system consisting of many neuron, for their growth required different sensory stimulation will active In infant and children sense organs play major role in activating mind and notify their familiar surrounding at birth many neural pathway are immature as age increase it will be become mature.

12. VISION Newborn cannot visualize 8- 16 inches away from their face, the mother womb is dark environment and there is poorly developed vision sense at birth But by 2-3 month the child can sense familiar face, objects, image and contrast colours

13. HEARING The infant’s sense of hearing is very strong from 5 th month of prenatal development. Hearing ability of the infant become strong when infants heard their mother’s voice during sucking

14. PAIN AND TOUCH The sense of touch is essential for the growth of infant’s physical ability and emotional competency. Newborn is sensitive to touch, immediately after birth responding with crying, increased heart rate and increase blood flow . Sensory function become impaired as result of ageing process or chronic disease.

15. PERSONALITY & LIFESTYLE Personality and life style practices unique to each individual, it consistently influences the way a person responds to world and how interacting with others

16. STRESS AND ILLNESS Stress is anormal feeling come from the person’s perception on the challenge or demand, it makes feel frustrated, angry or nervous. It cause many type of physical and emotional symptoms; some time stress can be positive to overcome danger situation.

17. MEDICATION The human perceive information from the primary sense i.e. vision, hearing, and touch many drug alert or depress the sensory stimulation, it decrease the brain activity.

18. ASSESSMENT OF SENSORY ALTERATION

19. Sensory assessment Sensory assessment is scientific evaluation of human sense sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing to understand the individual’s level of stimulation who has admitted in the hospital Sensory assessment can be performed in formal and informal ways

20. TYPES OF ASSESSMENT FORMAL- Assessment done by the specialist Eg. Ophthalmologist and audiologist. INFORMAL - Assessment by observation Eg. Patient’s daily routines

21. SENSORY ALTERATION [a small change in something] Sensory Alteration is a careful assessment help the client in reducing sensory alteration and early identification / management of disorders

22. SENSORY DEFICIT Sensory deficit is an inappropriate functioning of the sensory system; result brain receives less input from the sense. Sensory deficit is impaired reception, perception or both Possible impairment includes visual, hearing sensory deficit mostly present at the time of birth

23. SENSORY DEPRIVATION Sensory deprivation is also known as perceptual isolation It occurs when individuals receive sensory stimuli below the normal threshold from one or more sense These alteration may develop due to acute or chronic illness, aging, trauma environmental cause.

24. Short term sensory deprivation indicates relaxing, where as long term deprivation leads to anxiety, hallucination and depression. Alteration in perception leads to reduced capacity to learn, disorientation, decreased colour perception

25. SENSORY OVERLOAD Over stimulation from the environment may result to a condition called sensory overload Sensory overload occurs when the body receives an excessive input from any sense like sound, bright light, strong odors, touch. Overstimulation patient may experience extreme irritability, difficulty focusing, restlessness and discomfort about the circumstances.

26. PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CLIENT WITH SENSORY ALTERATION

27. PEVENTION OF SENSORY OVERLOAD Provide quiet environment and avoid unnecessary noise and light Suggest dark glasses and earplugs, if necessary Administer analgesic if patient complain pain Speak slowly, clearly and do not shout to the patient Repeat the sentence if it is necessary to avoid misunderstanding

28. PREVENTION OF SENSORY DEPRIVATION Educate the client importance of using eyeglasses and hearing aids Address the client by name Have a meaningful interaction with the client Allow client to active participation in recreational activity like reading, watching TV, play, hand crafts

29. COMMUNICATION WITH APHASIA CLIENT Aphasia is loss of the ability to understanding the spoken or written language Make sure that the client surrounding environment should be quiet and relaxed Start conversation with general information to specific details Ask the questions by using simple language and sentence that patient can give answered in yes or no Repeat the sentence whenever necessary wait for answer without hesitation Speak slowly do not shout at the client for not understanding Recovering of speech after aphasic condition is most

30. COMMUNICATION WITH VISUALLY IMPAIRED CLIENT

31. COMMUNICATION WITH VISUALLY IMPAIRED CLIENT Introduce self, name/ position while entering into the client room Visual impaired patient unable to pick up non- verbal cues, so speak with normal tone Give a clear indication to the patient while entering and leaving the room Should not touch the client without their concern while doing any procedure or care

32. COMMUNICATION WITH HEARING IMPAIRED CLIENT

33. COMMUNICATION WITH HEARING IMPAIRED CLIENT Make sure that the client surrounding environment should be quiet and relaxed Ask the patient to wear their hearing aid and sit closer before beginning of the communication While speaking maintain eye contact, clear and moderate volume Face the patient and speak his/her best side of hearing

34. COMMUNICATION WITH HEARING IMPAIRED CLIENT (Conti…) Use short sentence for better understanding Ensure that hearing aids are on with working Encourage non- verbal communication such as touch head nods, writing and use communication boards