Sepsis challenges problems,solutions, innovation

Sepsis, organ failure, dialysis

1. Spssos

2. Semi-Permeable Membrane This slide explains the function of a semi-permeable membrane in dialysis. The membrane allows small molecules (like toxins and salts) and water to pass through but retains larger molecules like red blood cells, platelets, and large proteins. The analogy of a sponge is used to clarify the concept.

3. Membrane Transport Mechanisms Discusses the different ways molecules and water move across the dialysis membrane. Diffusion : Movement of toxins and electrolytes from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. Convection : Transport of larger molecules (>1,000 daltons ) with the movement of water. Osmosis : Water movement due to fluid shifts. Ultrafiltration : Plasma water removal under pressure.

4. Toxin Removal Focuses on how dialysis removes toxins from the blood. Diffusion : Small molecules like urea and electrolytes move down their concentration gradient. Convection : Larger molecules move due to pressure-driven flow. Adsorption : Certain membranes bind large molecules like beta-2-microglobulin.

5. Toxin Removal - Diffusion Explains Graham’s Law , stating that diffusion rate is inversely proportional to molecular weight. Fick’s Law : Solutes move from a high concentration area to a low concentration area until equilibrium is reached. Introduces the concept of clearance (mL/min), which quantifies how effectively dialysis removes toxins.

6. Concentration Gradient Illustrates how concentration differences drive diffusion. Blood has a higher concentration of waste products, while dialysate has a lower concentration, promoting toxin removal. Demonstrates flow geometry: blood in, blood out, dialysate in, and dialysate out.