SERIAL COMMUNICATION .LATHA priya .pptx

serial communication

1. SERIAL COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

2. SERIAL COMMUNICATION: Serial communication is a type of data transmission where data is sent one bit at a time, sequentially, over a single communication channel. The data is transmitted in a series of bits, with each bit representing a 0 or a 1. SOURCE DESTINATION

3. Characteristics: 1 . Sequential Data Transmission : Data is transmitted one bit at a time, in a sequential manner. 2. Single Communication Channel : Data is transmitted over a single communication channel. 3 . Bit-by-Bit Transmission : Data is transmitted bit by bit, with each bit representing a 0 or a 1. 4. Asynchronous or Synchronous : Serial communication can be asynchronous (without a clock signal) or synchronous (with a clock signal).

4. Types: UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) CAN (Controller Area Network )

5. UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter): It is widely used serial communication protocol that enables devices to communicate with each other over a serial link. It is commonly used in microcontrollers for communication with peripherals and other devices. A type of asynchronous serial communication used in microcontrollers and computers. It is used in computer peripherals, such as keyboards, mice, and printers. It is used in embedded systems for communication between devices and peripherals.

6. Communication frame :

7. Frame Block :

8. Advantages and Disadvantages of UART : The pros and cons of UART include the following It requires only two wires for data communication CLK signal is not required. It includes a parity bit for allowing to check the errors The data packet arrangement can be modified because both surfaces are arranged for it The data frame size is a max of 9 bits It doesn’t hold several slave (or) master systems

9. SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) protocol is a synchronous protocol . SPI facilitates short-distance communication  between peripheral integrated circuits and microcontrollers. It facilitates the full-duplex, synchronous serial communication between one or more slave devices. It has two parts for communication , MASTER SLAVE

10. Parts: Master Device:   The master device controls the process of transformation of data on the SPI. It controls the data flow and it generates the clock signal. Slave Device:  Slave devices are peripheral devices that are connected to the SPI bus and controlled by master devices. Every slave device has a different slave select (SS) line, allowing the master to select which device it wants to communicate with. SPI Bus:  SPI bus is a physical connection over the data transferring between the slave devices and the master.

11. Signal Flow Line:

12. Advantages of Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI): High Speed Data Transfer Simple Hardware Requirements Full-Duplex Communication Multi Slave Devices Disa dvantages of Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI): It requires more pin on IC packages as compare to I²C. It does not support hot swapping (dynamically adding nodes). It supports only one master device. No error checking protocol. SPI usually requires separate SS lines to each slave, which can be problematic if numerous slaves are needed.

13. I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit): I t is a widely used protocol for short-distance communication. It uses only 2 bi-directional open-drain lines for data communication called SDA and SCL . Serial Data (SDA) :  Transfer of data takes place through this pin. Serial Clock (SCL) :  It carries the clock signal. Half-duplex  Communication Protocol Bi-directional communication is possible but not simultaneously. Synchronous Communication   –  The data is transferred in the form of frames or blocks. Can be configured in a multi-master configuration .

14. Signal Flow Line:

15. Advantages of I2C Communication Protocol: Can be configured in multi-master mode . Complexity is reduced because it uses only 2 bi-directional lines (unlike SPI Communication). Cost-efficient. It uses ACK/NACK feature due to which it has improved error handling capabilities. Fewer Wires : Only two wires are needed, making it easier to set up. Multiple Devices : You can connect many devices to the same bus. Simple Communication : It’s relatively easy to program and use. Disadvantages of I2C Communication Protocol: Speed Limitations: I2C is slower compared to some other protocols like SPI. Distance: I t’s not suitable for long-distance communication. Half-duplex communication is used in the I2C communication protocol.

16. CAN (Controller Area Network ): CAN (Controller Area Network) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in a reliable and efficient manner.

17. Signal Flow Line:

18. Advantages of CAN: High reliability: CAN networks are highly reliable due to their robust design and error detection capabilities. Real-time communication : CAN networks are designed for real-time communication, making them ideal for applications that require quick response times. Cost-effective : CAN networks are cost-effective to implement and maintain, making them ideal for applications that require a large number of nodes. Scalable: CAN networks can be easily expanded by adding nodes or by integrating with other networks. Disadvantages of CAN: Limited speed: CAN networks have a limited data transfer speed, making them unsuitable for applications that require high-speed data transfer. Limited range : CAN networks have a limited range, typically limited to a single vehicle or machine. Limited bandwidth : CAN networks have a limited bandwidth, which can limit the amount of data that can be transmitted at any given time. Limited application : CAN networks are specifically designed for automotive and industrial applications and may not be suitable for other applications.

19. SUMMARY UART Protocol Definition: Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter Type: Asynchronous serial communication Advantages: Simple hardware implementation, low cost, wide industry adoption Disadvantages: Limited distance, noise sensitivity, error detection required Applications: Microcontrollers, embedded systems, computer peripheral SPI Protocol Definition: Serial Peripheral Interface Type: Synchronous serial communication Advantages: High-speed data transfer, full-duplex communication, simple hardware implementation Disadvantages: Limited distance, noise sensitivity, requires clock signal Applications: Microcontrollers, embedded systems, sensor networks

20. CAN Protocol Definition: Controller Area Network Type: Multi-master serial communication Advantages: Reliable data transfer, high-speed data transfer, multi-master capability- Disadvantages: Complex hardware implementation, high cost, limited node count- Applications: Automotive systems, industrial automation, medical devices, aerospace systems I2C Protocol Definition: Inter-Integrated Circuit Type: Multi-master serial communication Advantages: Simple hardware implementation, low cost, multi-master capability- Disadvantages: Limited distance, noise sensitivity, limited speed Applications: Microcontrollers, embedded systems, sensor networks