Server room

ADVANCE SERVICES

1. ADVANCE SERVICES SERVER ROOM GROUP MEMBERS: SHIVANI 15171AA028 BALA TEJA 15171AA011 RANADHEER ARYA 15171AA0 IFTEKAR 15171AA0

2. INTRODUCTION A server room is a room used to store, power and operate computer servers and their associated compone nts. This room is part of a data cent er, which typical houses several physical servers lined up together in different form factors, such as rack mounted, or in tower or blade enclosures. A server room is a room, usually air-conditioned , devoted to the continuous operation of computer servers. An entire building or station devoted to this purpose is a data center.

3. The following are common elements of a server room . Hardware Primary hardware such as servers and data storage devices. Racks A system for stacking hardware such that space is used efficiently. Cabling System A system and set of conventions for cabling that keeps the complexity of cables managed. Ideally, this includes a raised floor or ceiling racks that keep cables out of the way. Power Server rooms typically consume significant power and may be designed to have redundant power sources such as grid and solar power. UPS Uninterruptible power supply devices are used to protect equipment from unstable power such as a surge. They are also selected to provide enough secondary power to endure a short power outage or have time to switch power sources. Operations Processes and resources for supporting the server room including physical tasks such as swapping devices.

4. Server Room Design Essentials Infrastructure Foundational services such as network equipment. A server room may be designed with no single points of failure for critical infrastructure. For example, multiple connections to the internet from different telecom companies. Physical Security Protecting the assets in a server room with access control, monitoring, emergency response, training and other internal controls. Fire Protection Fire protection equipment, procedures and structures such as a path for employees to escape a fire in the server room. Environment Control Control of humidity and air temperature. Computing equipment runs hot and cooling is a significant consideration in the design of a server room. For example, cool air can be directed at racks from the floor and warm air collected from the ceiling. Backup Backup of data and hot or cold sites for disaster recovery that are in a different physical location, preferably in another city or region. The following are common elements of a server room .

5. Importance of a server room . 1. On site investment Investing in a physical on site infrastructure can be hugely beneficial to both small businesses and large corporations. 2. Security Server rooms bring one significant advantage to enterprises – security. There have been various high profile cases of security breaches in recent years that have had a disastrous impact on business continuity and brand reputation. If your data is stored on a local server on site then third parties won’t be able to access it because it will be locked down. 3. Visibility and accessibility With on premise servers, you won’t have to worry about where data resides. When data is moved to the public cloud it can be difficult to know exactly where it is, which has a detrimental impact on the visibility of critical assets. You won’t be constrained by your internet bandwidth for critical applications either so you can be sure of delivering a consistent, high quality experience for employees and end users. 4. Latency and always on It is easier to control latency when you store your private data in a server room, as you will have control of the entire network end-to-end. This is important if you need low and predictable times to support video data and audio repositories. A dedicated server room environment will also increase operational efficiency and reduce downtime significantly. This is especially important as just a few hours offline can cost businesses thousands of pounds in lost revenue and maintenance costs. 5. Bespoke build A bespoke server room build is easier than ever before as specialists can design, build and upgrade IT rooms in a live environment. Selecting the right cooling options, UPS and generators, data cabling and security for your business will ensure you get the best system for your requirements and objectives.

6. SERVER RACK A rack server, also called a rack-mounted server, is a computer dedicated to use as a server and designed to be installed in a framework called a rack. The rack contains multiple mounting slots called bays, each designed to hold a hardware unit secured in place with screws. Generally, there are three ways of delivering connectivity to a rack server:  Connect to a network core switch every data port;  Provide a separate switch per rack or per row basing on bandwidth demand. This approach is often called Zone Switching  Provide patch panels at both the core switch and the rack and establish cross-connections between them. (PTS Data Center Solutions.)

7. TYPES OF SERVER RACKS 19-inch rack is a standardized frame or enclosure for mounting multiple equipment modules Like servers, network devices and UPS’s. Each module has a front panel that is 19 inches (482.6 mm) wide . There are edges or ears on each side of a rack to allow hardware to be fastened to the rack frame. Network Cabinets are less than 1000 mm deep. They are used for accommodating small servers, NAS Systems, switches and cables. Cabinets of this type can be used as an open rack, meaning with side walls and front and back doors removed. Server Cabinets are more than 1000 mm deep. Such cabinets are usually housing large servers, Raid disk shelves, NAS Systems and Blade UPS’s. Cabinets of this type can be used also as an open rack. Wall Mount Cabinets are 3RU to 45RU high and 600mm or less deep. This type is often installed outside the server room and in some cases can be the only “server space” in the office. Under Desk or Desk Top Cabinets are 4RU to 22RU toll and less that 600mm deep. This type is suitable for the Small Office and usually installed outside the server room. They can be also configured as an open rack. (Rack World Systems.)

8. "How to Design a Server Room" 1. Determine the appropriate room size . Physical space needs must be decided before any further details are incorporated into the server room. There needs to be enough room for the servers, wires, cables, and other necessary equipment. Data should be kept away from an exterior wall, if possible. 2. Set up hardware for storage. For space maximization, utilize cabinets and shelving to store the physical machinery and other computer inventory in the server room. Telco racks are popular in many operational spaces, and a single rack can hold hundreds of 1U high servers and blade servers. 3. Keep the room cool . A proper server room needs to stay cool and dry to keep all of the equipment from overheating. One option is to install a raised floor to distribute cooling. Another option is to use in-row cooling units, which do not require a raised floor and move the compressor to the roof. You may want a ceiling that is at least 12 to 18 feet (3.7 to 5.5 m) high. Keep a thermometer in the room to ensure the temperature is moderate. A dehumidifier may be necessary if the room gets too humid.

9. 4. Make space for cables . A server room should have enough space under the floor to run electrical cables. Have an electrician install power whips from 1 central electrical panel. This cuts down on the electrical services being routed to each individual fixture. 5. Develop security procedures . The server room should be restricted to only the people who need to go there to do work. Keep it locked, or install a handprint or fingerprint recognition system. A secure server room is essential for data protection. 6. Allow for monitoring. The server room should be monitored around the clock. All activity coming over the network servers should be scanned for abnormalities. Software exists to allow for notifications to pagers, or cell phones and emails if the monitoring reveals anything alarming. "How to Design a Server Room"

10. Server Room Standard Objective Servers should be located in the ViaWest data center when feasible because it offers the optimal mix of physical security and environmental control; servers placed within the ViaWest data center are automatically considered compliant for all data center security requirements. If location of servers in the ViaWest data center is not feasibl e, the chosen server room must comply with the following standard. Any room containing one or more computers used to provide services to a group of users via the network is considered a server room . This ranges from small server closets to larger datacenters.

11. Location Site locations should be chosen to ensure both proper environmental and physical controls:  Site locations should be safe from exposure to fire, flood, explosions and other similar hazards.  Server rooms should be located in areas where noise will not disturb classrooms, offices, et c. Perimeter Security All server rooms should have solid walls extending from the floor to ceilin g. In areas where raised floors or a drop ceiling are in place, walls should extend below the raised floor and above the drop ceiling to prevent an individual from entering the room by climbing under the raised floor or over the wall by accessing the maintenance space. Locked racks or a cage may also be used to provide a secure perimeter layer. Server Room Standard

12. Physical access to the server room must be limited to only those individuals who have legitimate responsibilities justifying such access. Use of card readers and electronic lock s to permit access is recommended over traditional keys; if keys are used, they must be marked “Do Not Duplicate .” Procedures must be in place to ensure access is removed when an individual no longer has such need and access lists of authorized individuals must be reviewed at least quarterly by data center owners. Procedures must also be in place to address lost or stolen keys or access cards.  Video cameras are recommended to monitor and record individuals entering or working in the space.  When warranted by business needs, a log may be kept, recording the time of entry, time of exit, and purpose of physical access by visitors and/or authorized personnel.  Visitors must wear an identification badge.  Visitors should be escorted by authorized personnel at all times. Server Room Standard Physical Access Size Although 19-inch racks are always the same nominal width , the height and depth vary. A commonly used measure of the height of a rack is the so-called rack unit (U), which is defined as 1.75 inches . The width and depth of the rack is typically measured in standard units. The most popular standard data center racks have a width of 19 inches and a height of 42U (73.5 inches high).

13.  The server room must be located in an area that can bear the weight of all systems, including foreseeable planned growth. Room walls, ceiling, and doors should be sound isolated from other occupied areas.  When feasible, door frame size should be sufficient to allow for easy introduction and removal of equipment. For new construction, doors should be 42 inches wide and 9 feet tall . If hinges are exterior to the room, doors should use locking hinge pins.  The ceiling of the room should be at least 9 feet hig h.  The server room should not have exterior window s.  The arrangement of equipment should provide for adequate clearance around computing racks ; 4 feet at the front and 3 feet at the rear is recommended.  For new construction, an anti-static floor surface is recommended. Raised floors with a minimum clearance of 24 inches are recommended for new construction of large server rooms. Server Room Standard Structural Considerations

14. RAISED FLOORING RACKS

15. Equipment • Maximum electrical density of computing equipment in a server room should not exceed 300 watts per square foot. • Computer racks should have seismic bracing and proper grounding. • Computer racks should have adequate clearance per manufacturer specifications (but no less than 48" front and 36" rear clearance); the room itself should have a minimum 9' ceiling. • The room should have at least one phone. Alarms and Security Alarm systems • Critical alarms related to the functioning of the A/C system and physical environment of the room must be mapped into the Facilities Management Energy Management System. • The occupying Department must also provide monitoring and alarming separate from the Facilities Management system, as needed, in order to be notified of critical environmental events in the server room. • The room should have water sensor alarms reporting to both Facilities Management and the occupying Department. Security • All entrances to the room should be properly secured and alarmed where appropriate. Server Room Standard

16. PLAN OF SERVER ROOM SEGTIGATION Critical alerts  Fire: 1st detector alert  Fire: 2nd detector alert (“Gas released into the room”)  Water within the room  Power outage  UPS in use  Generator in use  Power restored  Critical air-conditioning failure (“Call maintenance”)  Room temperature high  Critical UPS failure (“Call maintenance”)  Generator Emergency Power Off has been depressed. Non-critical alerts  Minor air-conditioning signals e.g. sequential maintenance needed  UPS minor fault  Generator fault.

17. The server room should have sufficient dedicated circuits for all equipment , plus one or more additional circuit s, as needed for flexibility in the event a circuit fails.  All systems must be properly grounded.  Critical systems should be connected to uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) and/or generator power, depending on the business requirements for server uptime.  Uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) and/or generator power should be tested at least annually and maintained according to manufacturer specifications.  Based on UPS monitoring thresholds, automatic shutdown features should be configured when feasible to gracefully shutdown and protect systems prior to power loss.  Large rooms should have a clearly-labeled emergency power-off swi tch.  Procedures should be posted in the room explaining how to respond in the event of a power failure.  Server rooms should have emergency lighting to provide for life safety in the event of a power outage. Server Room Standard Power

18. Air conditioning. Computer equipment generates heat, and is sensitive to heat, humidity, and dust, but also the need for very high resilience and failover requirements. Maintaining a stable temperature and humidity within tight tolerances is critical to IT system reliability.  The server room must have sufficient temperature control to maintain temperatures within the operational limits defined for the hardware located in the room.  The server room should have dedicated, redundant air conditioning sufficient to maintain temperatures between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit . Fully enclosed racks with built-in cooling may also be used. Server Room Standard Temperature Control and WHY  Environmental monitoring should be configured to alert administrators in the event of a cooling failure (i.e., a NetBotz monitoring system that sends text messages; a thermostate with only a local alarm is not sufficient).  For large rooms, cooling systems and equipment should be installed in a hot aisle / cold aisle configuration to maximize efficiency .  Procedures should be posted in the room explaining how to respond in the event of a cooling failure.

19. The server room must have some form of fire detection and suppressi on, adequately maintained and routinely tested.  Server rooms must be reasonably free of fire hazards such as boxes, papers, etc .  Each server room may have an easily visible and accessible clean-agent fire extinguishe r. A standard “ABC” fire extinguisher is not recommended for use around electronic equipment. Server Room Standard Fire / Flood  If the server room is located near potential leak hazards (AC condensers, overhead water lines, sprinklers, kitchens, break rooms, restrooms, etc.) sufficient steps should be taken to protect systems , such as racks with solid tops, systems elevated off the floor, etc. Moisture sensors should be used in areas where leaks are most likely or would be most problematic.

20. Server Room Maintenance Types Condition-based maintenance Condition-based maintenance (CBM), shortly described, is maintenance when the need arises. This maintenance is performed after one or more indicators show that the server room equipment is going to fail or that equipment performance is deteriorating. Corrective maintenance Corrective maintenance is a maintenance task performed to identify, isolate, and rectify a fault in the server room so that the failed equipment, machine, or system can be restored to an operational condition within the tolerances or limits established for in-service operations. Planned maintenance Planned preventive maintenance (PPM), more commonly referred to as simply planned maintenance (PM) or scheduled maintenance, is any variety of server room scheduled maintenance to an object or item of equipment. This is the maintenance that is regularly performed in the server room environment to lessen the likelihood of it failing. Preventive maintenance is performed while the server room equipment is still working so that it does not break down unexpectedly.

21. Predictive maintenance Predictive maintenance (PdM) techniques are designed to help determine the condition of a server room equipment in order to predict when maintenance should be performed. This approach promises cost savings over routine or time-based preventive maintenance because tasks are performed only when warranted. Preventive maintenance The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining server room equipment in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects. Preventive maintenance tends to follow planned guidelines from time-to-time to prevent the server room equipment and machinery breakdown. Total productive maintenance Total productive maintenance (TPM) is a system of maintaining and improving the integrity of production and quality systems through the machines, equipment, processes, and employees that add business value to a server room. Server Room Maintenance Types