Session-11 Various AFO (2).pptx for prosthetic and orthotic students

Prosthetic and orthotics

1. Ankle Foot Orthosis Hema Trivedi Trainer- Prosthetics & Orthotics

2. Tone Reducing and Tone Inhibiting AFOs Reduce tone in patients with neurological lesions associated with hypertonicity. The TRAFO calf shell extends from midcalf to the shoe insert. The insert has a distal wedge under the metatarsal heads to abduct the toes. A strap over the dorsum of the foot or a snug shoe closure controls the midfoot and holds the hindfoot in the best attainable alignment.

3. Tone Reducing and Tone Inhibiting AFOs This positioning of the foot and ankle prevents the patient from activating the extensor synergy during stance phase. When the ankle dorsiflexes during midstance and terminal stance, the leg pulls away from the shell. During preswing as the ankle plantar flexes, the leg presses against the shell, giving proprioceptive and tactile input to stimulate ankle dorsiflexion and minimize toe drag during swing. The relatively rigid posterior portion of the orthosis also contributes to swing phase foot control.

4. Tone Reducing and Tone Inhibiting AFOs Following principles are used:- Prolonged stretch of the ankle plantar flexors and long toe flexors Constant pressure on the tendons of the long toe flexors Inhibition of reflexes induced by tactile stimulation Weight bearing in proper alignment to influence proprioceptors through joint compression Altered muscle length resulting in change in resistance to passive stretch. Improved recruitment and sequencing of muscle activity.

5. Controlled Ankle Motion (CAM) Walkers CAM walkers are often used for the management of fractures, severe tendinitis, and tendon injuries and for postsurgical uses. CAM walkers are similar to a removable cast and have a rocker bottom that allows a more natural gait pattern. The medial and lateral hinges of th e CAM walker allow adjustable range of motion. Patient compliance is high with the CAM walkers because they are easily removed for bathing and sleeping if the physician allows.

6. Controlled Ankle Motion (CAM) Walkers In cases of fractures from the midtibia or fibula to the midfoot or in cases of third-degree ankle sprains, the CAM walker may be extended higher up the leg. A short CAM walker may be used for midfoot sprains, metatarsal fractures, postsurgical incision protection, and immobilization for inflammatory conditions.

7. Toe Raising Splint Foot drop Temporary purposes Post-operative can be used Cost effective Prescribed when no mediolateral instability is present

8. AFO with derotation bar To prevent rotation of hip in fracture neck femur Mainly used for bedridden patients. Derotation bar prevents rotation of the limb and maintains the limb in neutral position

9. Twister cable For controlling intoeing gait of the foot It provides controlling forces to support and position the hips, knees and ankle foot complex in an optimal position for walking.

10. Thank You