Sewing machine & different types of stitch & their class.

Sewing machine & different types of stitch & their class.

1. History of Sewing Machines
Hand sewing is an art form that is over 20,000 years old. The first
sewing needles were made of bones or animal horns and the first thread was
made of animal ligament. Iron needles were invented in the 14th century. The
first eyed needles appeared in the 15th century.
Isaac Singer invented the up-and-down motion mechanism, and Allen Wilson
developed a rotary hook shuttle.

Sewing machines did not go into mass production until the 1850's, when Isaac
Singer built the first commercially successful machine. Singer built the first
sewing machine where the needle moved up and down rather than the side-
to-side and the needle was powered by a foot treadle.

2. Classification of Lockstitch Sewing Machine
Lockstitch sewing machine can be divided into four main parts :
1.Thesewing head
2.Thehorizontal arm
3. The vertical arm
4. The machine bed

1. The Sewing Head :
The sewing head is the main sewing part of the machine, it contains various
sewing element such as the needle bar, pressure bar & take up lever.
2. The Horizontal Arm :
The horizontal arm connects the sewing head and the vertical arm of a machine.
It contains the arm shaft, which sends movements from the balance wheel to the
various moving parts in the sewing head.
3. The Vertical Arm :
The vertical arm contains the shaft and belts of connecting rods which send
movements from the horizontal arm shaft to the various sewing mechanisms in
the machine bed.
4. The Machine Bed :
The machine bed is the part of the machine situated beneath the sewing head,
the horizontal arm and the vertical arm, the main function of the machine bed is
to support the materials to be sewn and to provide the mounting points for those
moving parts.

4. Stitch
Stitch: Loop or loops of one or more threads, when bound with each other,
either by interlacing, intralooping, interlooping or combination of those when
sewing fabric, each unit of such configuration is called stitch.


Interlacing,Interlooping & Intralooping
Interlacing: During stitching, when one loop of one thread passes over
another loop of another thread, it is called interlacing.
Interlooping: When loop of one thread passes through the loop of another
thread, it is called interlooping.
Intralooping: When a loop of one thread passes through the loop of same
thread during sewing, it is called intralooping.

Interlacing Interlooping Intralooping

5. Stitches are of 70 types:
All these types of stitches are grouped in 6 classes. According to British
Standard, the types are:
1: Stitch class-100(Single thread chain stitch).

2: Stitch class200(Hand stitch).

3: Stitch class-300(Lock stitch).

6. 4: Stitch class-400(Multi thread chain stitch).


5: Stitch class-500(Over edge stitch).


6: Stitch class-600(Covering chain stitch).