sexual behavior in bull andrology presentation by srg.pptx

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1. SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF BREEDING BULL Submitted to dr. C.h.Pawshe sir SUBMTTED BY Shivani Rameshrao Gopchade V/17/095

2. *Sexual behaviour Essential component of reproduction. *The purpose of reproductive behaviour is to promote the opportunities for copulation. *Sexual behaviour of buffalo bull is similar to cow bull but less intense. *Sexual behaviour in male can be divided into three stages. *These stages are precopulatory, copulatory and postcopulatory stage.

3. STAGES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN BREEDING BULLS A . Precopulatory stage 1. Sexual arousal 2. Courtship 3. Erection 4. Penile protrusion B.Copulatory stage 5. Mounting 6. Intromission 7. Ejaculation C. Postcopulatory stage 8. Dismounting 9. Refractory 10. Memory

4. Sexual arousal [Sexual excitement] It is the arousal of sexual desires during sexual activity. leads to physiological changes in the male.

5. Courtship (Sexual display) It is the specialized behaviour in animals that leads to or initiates mating. The courtship is simple and shorter in mammals than birds, fish and arthropods Once a sexual partner has been identified , a series of highly specific courtship behaviours begin Specific behaviours include sniffing of the vulva, urination, flehmen reaction, chin resting, circling and increased phonation. In domestic animal the pattern of courtship varies with species. Sniffing and licking are the most common pattern of courtship. Sniffing to female genitalia and to urine is common in cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat. After sniffing the male stands rigidly and holds his head in horizontal position with extended neck and raise upper lips.This reaction is called Flehmen reaction (means to curl the upper lip). This behaviour facilitates the transfer of pheromones into the vomeronasal organ. Flehmen reaction helps to the animal to determine presence or absence of estrus and the physiological state of the animal. The flehmen reaction is found in all domestic animals except swine. The tactile stimulation of the female is made by nuzzling and licking in Cattle.

6. Erection and penile protrusion Erection Stiffening of the penis during sexual arousal. Following exposure of the appropriate stimuli, erection and protrusion of the penis occur. The anatomical structure of the male penis influences the precoital sexual behaviours of the animal. . The fibroelastic penis erects rapidly. Therefore, there is less foreplay and prompt mounting occurs in those species having fibroelastic penis. The fibroelastic penis is found in bull, ram and boar. therefore does not increase significantly in diameter during erection and protrusion.

7. Erection is predominantly under the influence of parasympathetic system and ejaculation is controlled by the sympathetic system. Successful penile erection requires a complex series of neural and vasomotor (blood vessel) reactions.

8. MOUNTING Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female. The purpose of mounting is to position himself so that intromission can occur. In the bull, dribbling of watery fluid occurs though penis during mounting which is derived from the Cowper’s gland. In the presence of receptive female, the bull rests his chin on the female and she in turn responds by standing. The male then mounts, fixes his forelegs around the female, grasps her firmly and performs rhythmic pelvic thrusts. Some boars and stallions mount and dismount the female repeatedly before copulation, whereas other mount once and copulate. During mounting, the abdominal muscles, particularly the rectus abdominis muscles contract resulting the pelvic region of the male comes into direct opposition to the external genitalia of the female.

9. Testosterone in male is aromatized to estradiol in the brain. This estradiol promotes reproductive behaviour in male. As we know that testosterone is continuously produced by Sertoli cells in every 4 to 6 hours. Thus, testosterone is continuously supplied to brain. This is why a male can initiate reproductive behaviour at any time. In contrast, in the female, high estradiol concentration is found during the follicular phase only. Therefore, a female shows sexual activity during estrus phase only.

10. Intromission successful entrance of the penis into the vagina. The duration of intromission varies widely between species. The bull and ram ejaculate small amount of semen and their period of coitus is short. In the bull and ram the warmth of the vagina is most important and pressure and friction are less important as stimuli for ejaculation.

11. Ejaculation reflex expulsion of semen from the penis. Following intromission, ejaculation takes place in response to sensory stimulation of the glans penis. The time of ejaculation relative to intromission varies among species. In the bull and ram, ejaculation occurs within one or two seconds after intromission. In these species ejaculation is stimulated by the warm temperature of the vagina In the bull, ejaculatory thrust is so strong that the hind legs of the male leave the ground. during ejaculation, the male’s head suddenly pressed down on the female’s neck.

12. DISMOUNTING After ejaculation, the male dismounts and withdraws his penis into the prepuce. Post coital displays are rare in domestic animals.

13. Refractoriness The refractory period is a period of time during which a second copulation does not take place. Memory is important in both a positive and negative way. Positive mating experiences promote reproductive behaviour and negative inhibit reproductive behaviour next time. The duration of the refractory period depends on several factors. These factors are age, species, sexual rest, number of previous ejaculations etc. The postcopulatory behaviour is sometimes confused with sexual exhaustion. Restimulation may occur after the refractory period Exhaustion is the condition in which no further sexual behaviour can be induced even if stimuli are present. Sexual satiation refers to a condition in which further stimuli will not cause immediate response under a given set of stimulus conditions The ‘Coolidge effect ’ i s defined as the restoration of mating behaviour in males (that have reached sexual satiation) when the original female is replaced by a novel female.

14. THANK YOU .