Sexual health and its impact on health and life

Sexual health ppt.pptx

1. Sexual Health

2. Definition According to WHO, 1975 “Sexual health is the integration of the somatic, emotional intellectual, and social aspects of sexual well-being in ways that are positively enriching and that enhance personality, communication and love”

3. Sexual Health Is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being related to sexuality. It is not merely the absence of dysfunction, disease or infirmity. Sexual health is evidenced in the free and responsible expression of sexuality that enhances life and personal relations. For sexual health to be attained and maintained a socio-cultural milieu conducive to well being related to sexuality must be fostered and the sexual rights of all persons must be recognised and upheld. PAHO (2000) Promoting Sexual Health . Washington DC, PAHO.

4. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled. WHO post-2002 working definition

5. Sexual Disorders

6. Delayed ejaculation Delayed ejaculation sometimes called impaired ejaculation is a condition in which it takes an extended period of sexual stimulation for men to reach sexual climax and release semen from the penis (ejaculate). Some men with delayed ejaculation are unable to ejaculate at all .

7. Orgasmic disorder Orgasmic disorder, now referred to as female orgasmic disorder, is the difficulty or inability for a woman to reach  orgasm  during  sexual  stimulation. This disturbance must cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty for it to be diagnosed. The diagnosis for men is  erectile dysfunction , premature ejaculation, or delayed ejaculation. As cataloged by the  DSM-5 , female orgasmic disorder is characterized by difficulty experiencing orgasm and/or markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations. Women show wide vari­ability in the type or intensity of stimulation that elicits orgasm. Similarly, subjective descrip­tions of orgasm are varied, suggesting that it is experienced in different ways .

8. Pelvic pain disorder Pelvic pain can be a sign that there might be a problem with one of the reproductive organs in a woman’s pelvic area. Although pelvic pain often refers to pain in the region of women's internal reproductive organs, pelvic pain can be present in either sex and can stem from other causes. Pelvic pain might be a symptom of infection or might arise from pain in the pelvis bone or in non-reproductive internal organs. In women, however, pelvic pain can very well be an indication that there might be a problem with one of the reproductive organs in the pelvic area (uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina).

9. sexual arousal disorders, Erectile dysfunction Not to be confused with sexual desire disorders, sexual arousal disorders are commonly described as the inability to achieve the necessary physical arousal to engage in sexual intercourse . Erectile dysfunction (impotence) is the inability to get and keep an erection firm enough for sex.

10. Sexual Health Care Sexual health is fundamental to the Physical and emotional health and well-being of individuals, couples and families To the social and economic development of communities and countries. Sexual health, when viewed affirmatively, encompasses The rights of all persons to have the knowledge and opportunity to pursue a safe and threat free sexual life.

11. Sexual health care is an umbrella term Encompassing topics such as family planning, sub-fertility, sexually acquired infections (SAI), female genital mutilation and sex and relationships education (World Health Organisation , 2010). Becoming sexually active brings with it lots of intense feelings and emotions.

12. It also brings a number of responsibilities, including showing respect for yourself and others, and keeping each other healthy and safe. Looking after your sexual health is just as important as looking after your physical and mental health. They are all connected and make you who you are.

13. Sexual Rights Sexual rights include the right of all persons, free of coercion, discrimination and violence, to The highest attainable standard of sexual health, including access to sexual and reproductive health care services Seek, receive and impart information related to sexuality Sexuality education Respect for bodily integrity Choose their partner Decide to be sexually active or not Consensual sexual relations Consensual marriage Decide whether or not, and when, to have children Pursue a satisfying, safe and pleasurable sexual life

14. Factors Affecting Sexual Health Laws, policies and human rights Education Society and culture Economics Health systems Menopause Menopause happens when the woman’s monthly bleeding ends Menopause is a natural part of aging. However, because their bodies are changing, some women don’t feel well during menopause . Most signs can be managed with exercise and eating healthy.

15. Calcium As women get older their bones lose calcium and get weaker and more breakable Its especially important for women to eat lots of calcium-rich food like milk, yogurt, broccoli, oranges and leafy greens. Eating a balanced diet of whole grains, lots of fruit and vegetables, and lean protein will you feel healthier.

16. Staying active Regular exercise is very important for good health and sexual wellbeing Exercise can strengthen muscles, prevent weight gain and make you feel happier. It’s important to speak clearly to your partner about your sexual health concerns.

17. What being sexually healthy means? Deciding if and when to have children Preventing diseases, including HIV/AIDs Having a healthy body Choosing with whom and when to have sex and being free from violence Having the number of children you want

18. Precautions Sexually transmitted infections HIV Condoms Contraceptive pills Vaccination Surgeries

19. Why Ask About Sexual Health and Behavior? Providers, or other members of the clinical care team, should ask all adolescent and adult patients about their sexual health and behavior as part of the routine history. The sexual history for adults generally begins with these three screening questions, with follow-up as appropriate: 1. Have you been sexually active in the last year? 2. Have you had sex with women, men, or both? 3. How many people have you had sex with in the past six months?

20. Taking a history of sexual health allows us to find and treat sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that may otherwise be missed. If left untreated, many STDs: can lead to more serious illnesses, infertility, and possibly death can spread to other partners and increase disease in the community. Taking a sexual history also gives us the opportunity to talk with patients about ways they can stay healthy.

21. Preventing and treating STDs, HIV, and hepatitis, can help us reduce disease and death among our patients. Identifying and treating sexual problems and low sexual satisfaction can help us improve our patients’ mental health and well-being. When we show our patients that we are interested in and compassionate about their sexual problems, behaviors, and identity, we will see an improvement in our relationship with patients.

22. The Sexual History Helps Us to Be Patient-Centered In a survey of 500 men and women over age 25 : 85% said they were interested in talking to their doctors about sexual issues 71% thought their doctor would likely dismiss their concerns. 1 The sexual history allows health centers to identify clinical needs early and provide clinically and cost-effective care – essential elements of a patient centered medical home (PCMH).

23. Sexual History taking Ease your client …… sexual history is the part of psychological examination I am going to ask you a few questions about your sexual health and sexual practices. I understand that these questions are very personal, but they are important in understanding your problem. > Just so you know, I ask these questions to all of my adult clients, regardless of age, gender, or marital status. These questions are as important as the questions about other areas of your physical and mental health. Like the rest of our visits, this information is kept in strict confidence. Do you have any questions before we get started?

24. Remember: Never make assumptions about the patient’s sexual orientation. Age of puberty When you first came to know about sex or pubertal changes (probe the source) What was your reaction? How you coped with it When you first came to know about marital relationship? What were your feelings What are your views about sex Have you ever been in homo/ hetro sexual relationships? FID How any partners you have Your feeling about your relationship Are you satisfied with your marital life Do you seek sex pleasure, how, when, and frequency

25. Take perspectives of partners Does your partner have any major illness? Does your partner have more or less desire to make love than in the past? Does you/your partner reach climax? What kind of sexual contact do you have or have you had? Genital (penis in the vagina)? Anal (penis in the anus)? Oral (mouth on penis, vagina, or anus)? Do you have pain with intercourse? focus on the duration of the problem (primary or secondary) psychosocial factors involved recent life changes or stressors.

26. Medical(affect on endocrine, vascular system) spinal cord injuries, thyroid disease, diabetic neuropathy, surgical, cardiovascular disease, and depression Psychosocial, and psycho physiological evaluations Medical: reduce, stop, change Clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires (individual and couple) Level of emotional intimacy; Mental and physical health; Sexual context; time of day, time since last sexual activity, What happens in the hours preceding sexual opportunities; and What needs to be done after sexual activity. Relationship issues or concerns; Thoughts during sexual interactions; and Messages from families of origin.

27. Family and early developmental histories including information about gender influences, exposure to sexual themes, and sexual experiences and trauma Rule out axis I & II Beliefs and cognitions about sex, intimacy, identity, and power/lack of power within her relationships Sexual history, including sexual experiences and preferences, individual story relationship story A history of affairs or emotional disloyalty Thoughts that occur during the sexual interaction.

28. Couple's emotional contracts Styles of communication, Level of discord, Conflict resolution style, And ways of defining problems. Intergenerational system, parentification , triangulation Overly familiar

29. Causes Disruptive early child relationship Experienced childhood sexual abuse Behaviorist : Pairing of sexual arousal with images of children and; initially accidental strengthen by masturbation Failure to develop satisfying psychological and sexual relationships with adults. Inadequate attachment leading to loneliness so seek intimacy with children who are easier to control

30. Who is at greater risk African American men and women 45% of HIV infections Twice as likely to have hepatitis C compared to rest of US population Hispanic men and women 22% of HIV infections Asian/Pacific Islander men and women 1 in 12 are living with hepatitis B

31. Men who have sex with men ( MSM ) (gay and bisexual men, and men who have male partners but do not identify as being gay or bisexual) 64% of new HIV infections 37% of HIV+ MSM are African American (48% increase from 2006-9) 15%–25% of all new Hepatitis B virus infections Frequent reports of Hepatitis A outbreaks Transgender women (people born male who feel very strongly that their gender is female, and who express themselves as women) 28% estimated to be HIV infected (57% of African American transgender women)

32. References The Surgeon General’s call to action to promote sexual health and responsible sexual behaviour . (2011) Washington , DC, National Institutes of Health. www.thinkuknow.co.uk Laumann EO, Paik A, Posen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1999 , 281: 237-544 . Blanc A. Power in sexual relationships. New York, The Population Council, 2001. Kirby D et al. ( 2002) The impact of schools and school programs on adolescent sexual behaviour . The Journal of Sex Research 39 (1): 27-33 . Hart G, Flowers P. Recent developments in the sociology of HIV risk behaviour . Risk , decision and policy 1996 , 1: 153-165 World Health Organization (1975) Education and Treatment in Human Sexuality: The training of health professionals. Technical Report Series 572.