SEXUALITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH presentation

Bsc nursing

1. SEXUALITY &
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

2. INTRODUCTION
•According to WHO, reproductive and sexual ill-health accounts for the global burden of
ill-health
•For women 20%
•For men 14%
•It is closely related to other aspects of health. Love, affection, and sexual intimacy, all
play a role in a healthy relationship.

3. •Sexual health is not just limited to the absence of disease or dysfunction during the
reproductive years
•It impacts sexual practice and action and must be practiced free from sexual abuse, or
discrimination and requires integration into the whole life cycle.
•The word sex denotes whether a person is male or female or sex difference. But sexuality
is related to sexual behavior, gender consciousness, and sexual nature.

4. DEFINITION
•Sexuality:
The characteristic quality of the male and female reproductive elements.
Sexual health:
In 1975 WHO defined sexual health as, the "integration of somatic, emotional, intellectual
and social aspect of sexual being, in ways that are positively enriching and that enhances
personality, communication and love."

5. CHROMOSOMAL LINKAGE
•XX Chromosomes combination products of female
•XY Combination is male
ESTABLISHMENT OF GONADAL SEX
•The second stage of sexual differentiation occurs by about the 10
th
to 12
th
week of
gestation
•The male determining factor is the Y chromosome leads to the development of internal
testes from the gonad medulla; without the malefactor, there is the development of an
internal ovary from the gonad cortex.

6. ESTABLISHMENT OF PHENOTYPIC SEX
•When additional internal and external genital organs develop and result in actual
characteristics of biological sex.
•This is a critical time in sexual differentiation because each fetus develops both Wolffian
and Mullerian genital duct systems, one of which must develop another regress to produce
actual male or female external genitalia.
•The Wolffian duct system in the presence of testosterone gives rise to the epididymis, the
vas difference, and the seminal vesicle in males.
•The Mullerian duct gives rise to the female fallopian tubes and the uterus and the upper
part of the vagina.

7. AGE GROUP AND SEXUAL HEALTH BEHAVIOUR:
1)Childhood sexual behaviour
2)Adolescence sexual behaviour
3)Adult sexual behaviour
4)Old age sexual behaviour

8. CHILDHOOD SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

9. ADOLESCENCE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR
•Adolescence is a period of heightened feelings, arousal, urges and sexual feelings directed
toward self and the others
•During adolescence sexual exploration and expression is common
•Certain restlessness of –character
•Love affair

10. ADULT SEXUAL BEHAIVOUR
•Problems of adjustment in sexual behavior.
•Extramarital relation.
•Divorce.
•Sexually transmitted disease.
•Unwanted pregnancy.

11. OLD AGE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR:
•Lack of sexual stimulation.
•Degeneration of organs.
•Death of life partner.
•Disease related to sexual glands.

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEXUALLY HEALTHY
PERSON:
•A person who knows sexuality and sexual health.
•One who has a positive attitude towards body image.
•Ability to express one's full sexual potential.
•Capability to express sexuality.
•Right to make free and responsible reproductive choices.
•Ability to access sexual health.
•Maintain a balance between lifestyle and sexual behavior.
•Capacity to develop effective interpersonal relations with both sexes

13. FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUAL HEALTH
a)Biological factors
b)Environmental factors
c)Psychological factors
d)Hormones and genetic factors
e)Sexual health history
f)Stress
g)Effects of medication

14. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
•Congenital abnormality.
•Old age and sickness.
•Injuries.
•Less secretion of hormones.
•Pain and fatigue.

15. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
•Change in lifestyle
•Lack of proper place and privacy

16. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
•Disturbance and obstacles in family relationships.
•Incomplete sexual knowledge.
•Initial sexual experience being bitter.
•Disinterest and disliking of partner.
•Unnecessary hopes and expectations from partner.
•Tension and pressure.
•Death of a loved one.

17. HORMONES AND GENETIC FACTORES
•Can affect sperm quality
•Production of ovulation (failure to ovulate, irregular menstrual cycle)

18. SEXUAL HEALTH HISTORY
•Multiple partners
•Infectious diseases such as mumps after puberty cause sterility

19. STRESS
•Psychological stress (depression, anxiety)
•Physiological stress (nervousness, lack of energy)

20. EFFECTS OF MEDICATION
•• E.g. Alcohol, amphetamines, alpha-blockers, anti-convulsion, diuretics, marijuana

21. CLASSIFICATION OF SEXUAL DISORDERS:
1. GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER:
These disorders are characterized by disturbance in gender identity, i.e. the sense of one's
own masculinity and femininity is disturbed.
Transsexualism
Dual role transvestism
Intersexuality

22. 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS:
•Disorders of sexual development and maturation include disorders where sexual
orientation causes significant distress to the individual Or disturbance in relationships.
•The preference as well as physical and emotional attraction one develops for a partner of
a particular gender is called sexual orientation.
•E. g.
•Heterosexuality
•Homosexuality
•Bisexuality

23. PARAPHILIAS
•Paraphilias (also known as sexual perversion and sexual deviation).
•It is used to identify repetitive or preferred sexual fantasy behaviors that involve any of
the following,
•The preference for the use of nonhuman objects.
•Repetitive sexual activity with humans that involves real or stimulated suffering or
humiliation.
•Repetitive sexual activity with a non-consenting partner.

24. TYPES OF PARSAPHILIA
•Fetishism: the use of non-sexual or nonliving objects or parts of a person's body to gain
sexual excitement.
•Masochism: the recurrent urge or behavior of wanting to be humiliated, beaten, bound, or
otherwise made to suffer.
•Voyeurism: the recurrent urge or behavior to observe an unsuspecting person who is
naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activities, or may not be sexual in nature at all.
•Pedophilia: sexual activity with a prepubescent child (usually 13 years old or younger)

25. •Gerontophilia: becoming sexually abused by elderly individuals.
•Incest: sexual attraction to one's own children or blood relation.
•Necrophilia: sexual activity with the dead person.
•Zoophilia: aroused by sexual contact with animals.

26. TREATMENT OF PARAPHILIAS
•Psychotherapy: Long-term individual or group psychotherapy is usually necessary.
•Pharmacotherapy Anti-androgens: IM Medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5-10mg/day

27. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
•It refers to a problem during any phase of the sexual response cycle that prevents an
individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction from sexual activity.

28. CAUSES OF DYSFUNTION
Physical causes:
▪Diabetes
▪Heart and vascular conditions
▪Chronic kidney and liver disease
▪Alcoholism
▪Drug abuse

29. Psychological causes:
•Work: related stress and anxiety
•Marital problems
•Feeling of guilt
•Effect of past sexual trauma

30. CATEGORIES OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
Primary sexual dysfunction:
•Person included who has never experienced satisfying sexual response.
Secondary sexual dysfunction:
•Person included who has satisfied sexual response earlier but is suffering from sexual
dysfunction now.

31. TYPES OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
•Dysfunction of male:
▪Erectile dysfunction
▪Premature ejaculation
▪Retarded ejaculation
▪Inhibited sexual desire

32. •Dysfunction of female
Primary orgasmic dysfunction
Secondary organic dysfunction
Vaginismus
Diminished lubrication
Lack of desire

33. LIBIDO
•Libido known as sex drive is a person’s overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity
•Sex drive is influenced by:
✓Biological
✓Psychological
✓Social factors

34. FACTORS THAT AFFECT LIBIDO
❖Sex hormone levels and the menstrual cycle
❖Psychological and social factors
❖Physical factors
❖Medications

35. SEXUAL DESIRES DISORDERS
•Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
•hypersexuality