SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL HEALTH.pptx

Importance of Sexual Health and Knowing one's own sexuality

1. SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL HEALTH PRESENTED BY LAMNUNNEM HAOKIP MSC (N) 1 ST YEAR SNSR, SU UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF REKHA MA’AM HOD (OBG)

2. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS OF FEMALE AND MALE

3. INTRODUCTION Sexuality is not just about “sex” and certain body parts that are associated with males and females. Sexuality includes sexual orientation, such as which a person is attracted to and whether the person is identified as heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual, as well as their sexual fantasies and attitudes and values related to sex.

4. Sexual health is not just limited to the absence of disease or dysfunction of disease during reproductive years, it impacts on sexual practice and actions and must be practiced free from sexual abuse, or discrimination and requires integration into whole life cycle.

5. DEFINITION Sexuality : It is the sum total of one’s sexual feeling, behaviour, gender consciousness and sexual nature.   Sexual health : According to WHO, Sexual health is the integration of the somatic, emotional, intellectual and social aspects of sexual being in ways that are positively enriching and that enhance personality, communication and love .

6. SEXUALITY Human sexuality is the way people experienced and express themselves sexually. It is an important part of who you are. Sexuality is not about whom you have sex with, or how often you have it. Sexuality is about your sexual feelings, thoughts, attractions and behaviours towards other people

7. TYPES OF SEXUALITY

8. HETEROSEXUAL Most people are attracted to the opposite sex – boys who like girls, and women who like men, for example. These people are heterosexual, or ‘straight ’. HOMOSEXUAL Peoples who are attracted with the same sex. Lesbian and Gay .

9. BISEXUAL Sexuality can be more complicated than being straight or gay. Some people are attracted to both men and women, and are known as bisexual.  ASEXUAL Asexuality is a sexual orientation, like homosexuality or heterosexuality. Some people may strongly identify with being asexual, except for a few infrequent experiences of sexual attraction (grey-asexuality).

10. RIGHTS TO SEXUALITY T he rights to equality and non-discrimination T he right to be free from torture or to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment T he right to privacy T he rights to the highest attainable standard of health (including sexual health) The right to decide the number and spacing of one’s children

11. The rights to information and education The rights to freedom of opinion and expression. The right to an effective remedy for violations of fundamental rights. The right to marry and to found a family and enter into marriage with free and full consent of the intending spouses, and to equality in and at the dissolution of marriage

12. STATE LAW The states of Tamil Nadu  and Kerala were the first Indian states to introduce a transgender welfare policy . In October 2017, the Karnataka Government issued the "State Policy for Transgender, 2017", with the aim of raising awareness of transgender people within all educational institutions in the state. In April 2017, the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation instructed states to allow transgender people to use the public toilet of their choice.

13. FACTORS THAT AFFECTS ONE’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR RELIGION MULTICULTURALISM SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS MEDIA

14. SEXUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender peoples have an increased risk of depression, anxiety, substance abuse, homelessness; self-harming and suicidal thoughts compared with general population.

15. Some of the stressful experiences that can affect the mental health of this peoples are: Feeling different from others. Being bullied (verbally or physically ). Feeling pressure to deny or change their sexuality. Feeling worried about coming out and then being rejected or isolated. Feeling unsupported or misunderstood.

16. STAGES OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS Infancy ( birth -12 months) External genitals are sensitive to touch. Male infants have penile erections, females’ vaginal lubrication. Toddler ( 1-3 years ) Continues to develop gender identity. Able to identify own gender.

17. Pre-schooler ( 4-5 years) Becomes increasingly aware of self. Explores own and playmates body parts. Learns correct names for body parts. Learns to control feelings and behaviour. School age ( 6-12 years) Tends to have friends of same gender. Increased modesty, desire for privacy. Continues self-stimulating behaviour. Learn the role and concepts of own gender as a part of the total self-concept.

18. Adolescence (12-24 years) Primary and secondary sex characteristics appears. Menarche usually takes place. Develop relationship with interested partners. Masturbation is common. May participate in sexual activity. Young adulthood (25-40 years) Intimate relations develop Sexual activity common Establish own lifestyles and values Many couples share financial obligations and household task.

19. Middle adulthood(40-65 years) Men and women experience decreased hormone production. The menopause occurs in women usually anywhere. Diminished vaginal lubrications and decreased vaginal elasticity leads to dyspareunia The climatic occurs gradually in men Individuals establish independent moral and ethical standards. Late adulthood (65 years and over) Sexual activity may be less frequent.

20. STAGES OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT – SIGMUND FREUD According to Sigmund Freud, there are five stages of sexual development, they are mentioned below: ORAL STAGE LATENCY STAGE ANAL STAGE PUBESCENT STAGE PHALLIC STAGE

21. SEXUAL HEALTH According to WHO, Sexual health is the integration of the somatic, emotional, intellectual and social aspects of sexual being in ways that are positively enriching and that enhance personality, communication and love.

22. COMPONENTS OF SEXUAL HEALTH Self-concept Body image Gender identity Sexual Orientation

23. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEXUALLY HEALTHY PERSON Fully knowledge about sexuality and sexual behaviour. Will have positive attitudes towards body image. Ability to express one’s full sexual potential. Ability to make autonomous decisions about one’s sexual life. Capability to express sexuality.

24. Right to make free and responsible reproductive choices. Ability to access sexual healthcare Maintain balance between life style and sexual behaviour Capacity to develop effective interpersonal relations with both sexes.

25. TYPES OF SEXUAL DISORDERS MALE Premature ejaculation Erectile dysfunction Retarded ejaculation Inhibited sexual desire . FEMALE Decreased sexual stimulation Vagisnismus Dyspareunia

26. FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUAL HEALTH BIOLOGICAL FACTORS PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HORMONE / GENETIC FACTORS SEXUAL HEALTH HISTORY MEDICATIONS STRESS

27. Biological factors: Congenital abnormalities. Old age and sickness Injuries Less secretion of hormones or reasons related to endocrine glands. Psychological factors: Disturbance in family relationships and Incomplete sexual knowledge Tension and pressure ,Death of beloved ones. Wrong notions and superstitions regarding sexual relationships.

28. Environmental factors: Change in lifestyle. Lack of poor place and privacy Incidents in life. Hormone/genetic factors: Can effect sperm quality Production and ovulation Congenital factors may impede ability to conceive . Sexual health history: Lack of understanding of one’s own reproductive biology. Multiple sexual partners Infectious disease .

29. Medications: Viagra (sildenafil) increased erectile functions in males. Anti-anxiety drugs decrease orgasmic dysfunction in women and delayed ejaculation. Alcohol , use in moderate amount will increase sexual functioning and if in chronic use it decrease sexual desire and impotence . Stress: Depression Physical stress like muscle tension, lack of energy.

30. IMPORTANCE OF SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION Respect of opposite gender Understand about one’s body functions Sex related crimes and rape will be reduced Sexually transmitted disease will decrease To prevent from unwanted pregnancy

31. TO BE SEXUALLY HEALTHY :

32. RESEARCH STUDY Is Sexual Orientation Related to Mental Health Problems and Suicidality in Young People This study examines the extent to which gay, lesbian, and bisexual young people are at increased risk of psychiatric disorder and suicidal behaviors using data gathered on a New Zealand birth cohort studied to age 21 years. The study concludes that :  Findings support recent evidence suggesting that gay, lesbian, and bisexual young people are at increased risk of mental health problems, with these associations being particularly evident for measures of suicidal behavior and multiple disorder.

33. 2 Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Attitudes, and Perceptions and Actualities of Sex Education among Elementary School Parents. Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing Hyewon Shin,  Jung Min Lee,   Ji Young Min This study was conducted to understand sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the perceptions and actualities of sex education among parents of elementary school children .

34. Result More than 50% of the participants responded that primary sex education for young children should be the responsibility of the parents and that education should be stared during the elementary school period. A moderate correlation was found between parents’ sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes. Most parents were afraid to provide sex education because of their unfamiliarity with teaching methods and their lack of knowledge. However, 50 of the parents wanted to receive sex-related education.

35. 3 A study to assess the knowledge about sexual health among male students of junior colleges of an urban area. Jayant Ramchandra Kalkute , Udaykumar Bhaskar Chitnis , Megha Sunil Mamulwar , Jitendra Shyamsundar Bhawalkar , Anjali Babru Dhone , Archana Chandrakant Pandage The aim was to assess the knowledge about sexual health among male students of junior colleges of an urban area and to evaluate the change in their knowledge after imparting sexual health education .

36. Results: Science students had “adequate” knowledge about sexual health when compared to arts and commerce students. Students whose parents were unskilled and semiskilled by occupation had “inadequate” knowledge about sexual health when compared with students whose parents were skilled by occupation.

37. BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCE Navdeep Kaur Brar . HC Rawat , Textbook of Advance Nursing Practice. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher. pp 846 – 864. Education and treatment in human sexuality: the training of health professionals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1975 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/38247/1/WHO_TRS_572_eng.pdf , https://www.pandiahealth.com/resources/guide-to-sexual-health/ https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-sexuality#types

38. LGBT rights in India – Wikipedia https:// jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/205418 https:// www.e-chnr.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.4094/chnr.2019.25.3.312 https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/272893782_A_study_to_assess_the_knowledge_about_sexual_health_among_male_students_of_junior_colleges_of_an_urban_area