sexually transmitted disease,STD,STI. Manish .ppt

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are spread mainly by sexual contact. STIs are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. A sexually transmitted infection may pass from person to person in blood, semen, or vaginal and other bodily fluids

1. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE(STDs) PRESENTED BY- MANISH BSC NURSING 4 th YEAR Ch.sughar Singh nursing & paramedical College

2. INTRODUCTION Sexually transmitted diseases(STD’s)are infections spread from Person to person through sexual contact. STD’s are also known as sexually transmitted infections(STI’s). STD’s are communicable diseases that can be easily transmitted From one person to another. Change in name from venereal disease to STD

3. DEFINITION The sexually transmitted disease (STD) are a group of communicable disease that are transmitted predominantly by sexual contact and caused by a wide range of bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal agents .

4. CLASSIFICATION OF STD VIRAL AIDS Genital herpes Hepatitis-B Genital warts BACTERIAL Syphilis Gonorrhoea Chlamydia PARASITIC Trichomonus veginitis Pediculosis pubis

5. SYPHILIS Syphilis is a type of STD caused by a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact that starts as a painless sore. It is caused by the spirochete bacteria Treponema pallidum. Sores occur mainly on the external genitals,vagina,anus,or in the rectum. Sores also Can occur on the lips and in the mouth. Syphilis can be transmitted during vaginal,anal, or oral sexual contact. Pregnant women can pass it to their unborn children.

6. TRANSMISSION Transmission by:- Sexual contacts (most common) Mother to child during pregnancy Blood transfer (transfusion, needle sharing) Non-sexual direct contacts with infected skin lesions (rare)

7. STAGES OF SYPHILIS

8. Single (rarely several) chancre: painless, firm, open sore, at site of direct contact (penis, anus, rectum, vulva, cervix, perineum, lips, mouth...) Chancre heals without treatment - May go unnoticed

9. Bodywide rash: can be macular (flat), papular (raised), or pustular (with pus)
Rash prominent in palms/soles, not itchy
Fever, swollen lymph nodes, wartlike sores in mouth, armpits, genital, anus
Headache, sore throat, jaundice, hair loss

10. The individual is generally asymptotic,but still contagious to others. Patients test positive for syphilis

11. Can occur between 3 to 15 years after the initial exposure. If the person doesn’t seek the treatment, they will exhibit neurological symptoms such as general sepsis and seizures, as well as cardiac symptoms including aneurysms, aortic valve disease.

12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

13. DIAGNOSIS VDRL ( venereal disease research laboratory) A blood test is the most common way to determine if someone has syphilis. Some doctors can diagnose syphilis by examining material from a syphilis sore using a special microscope.

14. TREATMENT No home remedies or over-the-counter drugs will cure syphilis, but syphilis is simple to cure with appropriate antibiotics. Treatment will kill the syphilis bacterium and prevent further damage, but it will not repair damage already done.

15. GONORRHEA Gonorrhea is common STI affecting the genital tract (especially the Cervix)and rectum. It is transmitted by sexual activity with an infected individual and is Caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhea Most infected individuals are symptomatic with signs and symptoms Occurring 2-10days after the initial contact.

16. SYMPTOMS OF GONORRHEA Men : burning sensation when urinating. white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis. Testicular pain and swollen testicles that usually appears 1 to 14 days after infection.

17. SYMPTOMS OF GONORRHEA Women: The initial symptoms in women can include a painful or burning sensation when urinating, unusual vaginal discharge (white or yellow) , or vaginal bleeding between periods, lower abdominal or pelvic pain.

18. DIAGNOSIS Nucleic acid amplification testing(NAAT)of urine or endocervical Discharge done. In the acute phase,secretions form the urethra,Bartholin’s gland and endocervix are collected from gram stain and culture.

19. TREATMENT Preventive :-
To avoid multiple sex partner.
To use condom till both the sexual partners are free from disease. Don’t have sex with someone who has gonorrhea symptoms.

20. TREATMENT Curative :- The specific treatment for gonorrhea is single dose regimen of any one Of the following drugs: ·Ceftriaxone-125 mg IM ·Ciprofloxacin-500mg PO ·Ofloxacin-400mg PO Cefixime-400mg PO

21. Chlamydia

22. CHLAMYDIA It is most commonly diagnosed STI, especially in under 25-year-olds, And is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis Between 70-80%of women affected by chlamydia are asymptomatic. The organism affect the Genitourinary tract.The infection is mostly localized in the urethra, Bartholin’s gland and cervix. Incubation period is 6-14days.

23. SYMPTOMS Chlamydia is known as a ’silent’ infection because most infected people have no symptoms of the STD Men- cloudy discharge from tip of penis. Burning sensation when urinating. Pain and swelling in one or both testicles Women- Abnormal vaginal discharge burning sensation when urinating. Untreated infections can spread Upward to the uterus and fallopian tubes causing PID.

24. TREATMENT Chlamydia can be easily treated and cured with antibiotics. Azithromycin-1g orally single dose Doxycycline-100mg orally BID*7days ofloxacin-200 mg orally BID*7days Erythromycin-500mg orally BID*7days

25. MEANING OF AIDS Acquired (not born with) Immune (body’s defense system) Deficiency (not working properly) Syndrome (a group of signs and symptoms) Transmitted from person to person It affects the body’s immune System,the part of the body which usually works to fight off germs such as bacteria and viruses Malfunctioning of the body’s Immune system Someone with AIDS may Experience a wide range of different diseases and Ols

26. DEFINITION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks the body's immune system.  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome  (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of the disease. HIV targets the body's white blood cells, weakening the immune system

27. INCUBATION PERIOD:- 6MONTH TO 6YEAR

28. MODE OF TRANSMISSION Blood and blood products transmission Sexual contact Transmission via fluids such as vaginal secretion amniotic fluid and breast milk Needle and syringe used by infected individual

29. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Weight Loss Frequent Fever and sweating Persistence skin rashes & flaky skin

30. Continue…… Severe &persistence Diarrhea Vision loss Nausea Vomiting

31. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection VDRL Test Blood examination ELISA test CD4 T-cell count drops below 200 cells/mm^3 (The CD4 count normal range is 500 to 1500 cell/mm^3)

32. PREVENTIONS Increase safe sexual contact including use of condom. • Early diagnosis & assessment
• HIV testing & treatment
• Never share needles & use sterile needles
• Early treatment of HIV infected pregnant women
• Avoid unprotected sex
• HIV infected mothers should feed their baby formula milk

33. DRUG TREATMENT The drug treatment of HIV disease can be classified as:
1) Management of opportunistic infections (OIs) 2) Antiretroviral therapy.
3)Symptom control.

34. STI/STD: True or False? You CANNOT get an STI from oral sex. Birth control protects against pregnancy and STIs. Once you’ve had an STI, you CANNOT get it again. You CANNOT get an STI if your partner is a virgin. You CANNOT have two STIs at once. You can get an STI from a toilet seat.