SEZ Feb 22.pptx12345678998745632145678991

SEZ

1. “Role of Special Economic Zones in the export promotion of Gems & Jewellery:A case study of Noida SEZ” Presented by: UZMI ANJUM ENROLLMENT NO-13147 Under thr Suoervision of: Dr.Adeel Maqbool Associate professor Integral University

2. Special Economic Zones A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws. SEZs are specifically demarcated areas within the country where raw materials and capital goods can be imported duty free from abroad or the domestic market A special package of tax holiday and incentives are given with a view to boost exports from the country.

3. Special Economic Zones SEZs are viewed as instruments to attract domestic and foreign investment and also for the opening the economy. 'SEZ' covers a broad range of more specific zone types, including Free Trade Zones(FTZ), Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Free Zones (FZ), Industrial Estates (IE), Free Ports, Urban Enterprise Zones and others.

4. SEZs in INDIA India was one of the pioneers to recognize the effectiveness of the Export Processing Zone (EPZ) model in promoting exports Asia’s first EPZ was set up in Kandla in 1965. TYPE of SEZs No of units Central Government 7 State Government 98 TOTAL 105 Approved proposals 571

5. Industry Overview:GEMS&JEWELLERY Globally popular due to talented craftsmen, superior practices in cutting and polishing fine diamonds and precious stones,and cost-efficiencies. The sector accounts for 13 % of total exports of India. Gold is most preferred form of jewellery and safest investment instrument .

6. Industry Overview:GEMS&JEWELLERY India is the largest consumer of Gold –World Gold Council. It is also largest daimond processor in the world. Manual cutting and polishing skills makes Indian artisans and jewellery exclusive.

7. The sector is highly export oriented,labour intensive and major contributor to foriegn earnings. Has been declared as the thrust area for export promotion by the Government Industry Overview:GEMS&JEWELLERY

8. Research Objective “ To study the Role of Special Economic Zones in the export promotion of Gems & Jewellery with special reference to Noida SEZ”

9. Sub-objectives: 1.To compare the growth of gems & jewellery exports with respect to pre and post SEZ act 2005 . 2.To examine the various problems (operational ,labour related , technological requirements)faced by the exporters of Gems & jewellery .   3.To analyze the role of SEZ in solving the problems faced by the exporters of Gems & jewellery 4. Suggest measures which could effectively help in solving exporter’s problems

10. Last Comments Publication of One Paper Detailed Review of Literature

11. PAPERS Potential of SEZs in the Export Promotion of Indian Gems and Jewellery Sector, IJSART - Volume 2 Issue 2 –FEBRUARY 2016 WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS ROLE IN REVIVAL OF BCCL , ISSN: 2347-7490 International Journal of Advanced Research and Technology (2015), Volume 3, Issue 3, pp.10-17 ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN VARIOUS SERVICES SECTORS OF INDIA

12. Literature review “Indian Gems and Jewellery Industry: Problems and Future Prospects”,Naresh Kumar,INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH vol 3 issue 10 He concludes that gems and jewellery sector is facing various problems such as dependence on imports, changing fashion, imbalance growth of products, manual way of crafting, various problems regarding labourers, financial problems, procedural hardships and unemployment etc.Even after these problems the future of Indian gems and jewellery industry is quite promising, as more and more buyers across the world are turning to India as for their referred source of the quality of gems and jewellery products.

13. Literature review “Gem and Jewellery Industry: Global and Indian Scenario”, Ishita Mukherjee (2008), The Icfai Uiversity Press, Hyderbad.   After exploring the position of Indian gems and jewellery industry, she observed that India has various advantages to emerge as a gems and jewellery hub. It has the largest and best artisan force for designing and crafting the jewellery in the world. There is a considerable scope of value addition in terms of capacity building at the domestic front, quality management and professionalization. Realizing enormous potential of the industry, the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India declared gems and jewellery a thrust sector for export promotion. In this context, the first section of study explained the emerging trends and evolving dynamics of the global gems and jewellery industry as well as identified the future trends. The second traced the significance of India within global gems and jewellery industry, and covered the current scenario of the sector in India.

14. Literature review “Effectiveness of SEZs over EPZs structure:The performance at aggregate level”,Malini L Tantri1, The Institute for Social and Economic Change,Bangalore, ISBN 978-81-7791-107-7 Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of SEZs policy over EPZs structure is analysed in this paper by aggregating data of seven conventional SEZs from 1986-87 to 2007-08. The study reveals that the introduction of SEZs in place of its predecessor, the EPZs, is having a significant and positive impact on its performance at the aggregate level. However, in terms of contribution to national trade, the Indian SEZs are lagging way beyond the expectations of policymakers. Further, the SEZ policy does not seem to be successful in diversifying exports basket, which in turn has affected the direction of exports by SEZs

15. Literature review “Gujarat Model of Entrepreneurial Innovation:A Study of Surat Diamond Industry”,Purani, Keyoor, Seak Centre, University of Brighton, UK He developed Gujarat model of entrepreneurial innovation on the basis of innovative behaviour at the grass root level. He told in his study that Indian gems and jewellery industry is country’s second highest foreign exchange earner after textiles. He presented the SWOT analysis of the industry. Purani observed that diamond has lion’s share in Indian gems and jewellery exports. He stated that India is considered to be one of the world’s largest centers for cut and polished diamonds.

16. Literature review “IMPACT OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SPZ) ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION: AN INDIAN EXPERIENCE”,DR. A. ABDUL RAHEEM,International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol.1 Issue 7, November 2011, ISSN 2231 5780 This paper aims to examine impact of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) on human development and poverty reduction in India.the author highlightd th policies formulated by Indian government and reviewed ocassionally ensuring that ample facilities are provided to the SEZ developers as well as the companies setting up units in SEZs. These favourable conditions resulted in the biggest ever corporate rush for the development of SEZs in India. Over 234 companies received formal approval, 162 companies received in-principle approval and 100 companies received notification to set up SEZs. The Indian government is expecting an investment to the tune of Rs.53,561 crore (USD 13274 million) and an additional job creation for 15,75,452 individuals in SEZs by December 2009.

17. Literature review “Performance Evaluation of Special Economic Zones”,Dr. A. Elangovan, S. K. P. Palanisamy, Indian Journal of Applied research Vol 3,Issue : 10 (Oct 2013),(ISSN - 2249-555 ) This research paper evaluated the performance of Chennai EPZ established in 1983 and later converted into Special Processing Zone in 2003 by using the secondary data over a period of 10 years. The percentage analysis has been used to analyse the data. The SEZ, Chennai has been performing well and the trend during the study period to an certain extent has been fluctuating and study remarked that it has been due to agriculture and granite sector which has no exports in the last two financial years. The research paper concluded on the note that with the implementation of the suggestions and Stringent laws on FDI will help to still improve the performance of the SEZ, Chennai

18. Literature review “A BIG BANG OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES (SEZs) ON INDIAN ECONOMY: ISSUES AND FACTS”, Dr. Ravi N. Kadam, International Journal of Research in Finance & Marketing, Volume 2, Issue 7 (July 2012) (ISSN 2231-5985) In this paper an attempt is made to study the impact of SEZs on Indian economy. The paper is based on the secondary data. The impact of SEZs on different sectors is examined in the paper

19. Literature review “ Special Economic Zones in India: Policies, Performance and Problems”, Subbaiah Singala,Yamini Atmavilas, Ekta Singh,ASCI Journal of Management,Volume 40(2) The central point this paper seeks to make is that the SEZ policy should be reviewed and re-visited keeping in view the following factors: (i) land under use for livelihoods should not be acquired for the purpose of establishing SEZs, and that the question of livelihoods of communities facing displacement be looked at holistically and not in a narrow cash/one job-for-land framework; (ii) state governments should neither acquire land for establishing SEZs, nor should they use the Land Acquisition Act for this purpose; (iii) there has to be a thorough review of the existing tax and other incentives being offered to the units in SEZs and to the promoters of SEZs; (iv) the real estate and corruption dimensions of SEZs require to be urgently addressed; and (v) there ought be re-thinking on the location of SEZs in the context of prevailing regional imbalances and sector bias.

20. Literature review “FUTURE PROSPECTS OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONEs IN INDIA IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR”,NAZIA KHAN,DR. P. K. VARSHNEY,International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research Vol.1 Issue 12, December 2012, ISSN 2277 3622 This paper concludes that for the development of industrial sector India has in fact, the right mix of factors such as availability of large & skilled workforce, intrinsic comparative advantage in several industries, a strong policy framework, availability of complementing & supporting ancillary industry, an already buoyant export sector & vast local markets. SEZs can combine these factors into a powerful alchemy to power investment creation

21. Literature review EVOLUTION OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES AND SOME ISSUES: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE,L. Lakshmanan, RBI staff studies,Department of economic analysis and planning This paper attempts to put forward an analytical abstract of the evolution, development and the issues concerning the SEZs, not only in India but also the related happenings in the rest of the world. It also evaluates certain critical perspectives and offers suggestions for the success of the SEZs in India. The paper offers some conclusions such as the SEZs are the new developmental enclaves with forward and backward linkages. They enhance manufacturing facilities, production capability and competitiveness to boost the exports, and augment employment opportunities. A balancing strategy, however, needs to be adopted to safeguard the interest of all the stake-holders without hindering the basic objectives of SEZ proposition.

22. Literature review The Impact of Special Economic Zones in India: A Case study of Polepally SEZ , Vidya Bhushan Rawat, Mamidi Bharath Bhushan and Sujatha Surepally This study as provided a brief overview of the controversies surrounding SEZs at the national level, but its main contribution is to provide an in-depth view of the history and impacts of one SEZ, i.e.Polepally, Andhra Pradesh.This report described the process of land acquisition in Polepally, including issues of consultation, consent and compensation, before setting out the results of a detailed survey on the impacts of the land acquisition on affected households. This quantitative description is supplemented by a few selected case histories of individuals affected by the acquisition, and who took part in the resistance. The case of Polepally is not untypical. If it stands out, it is because it is one of the cases where local opposition to land acquisition has achieved wider recognition.

23. Literature review A study on”Impact of Special Economic Zones on Employment, Poverty and Human Development”conducted by Aradhna Aggarwal,May 2007,INDIAN COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS This study aims at examining the impact of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) on human development and poverty reduction in India. It identifies three channels through which SEZs address these issues: employment generation, skill formation (human capital development), and technology and knowledge upgradation. The study finds that the modality differs significantly according to the characteristics of the SEZs, in particular, the level of their development as reflected in the composition of economic activities. It finds that labour intensive, skill intensive and technology intensive firms co exist in India’s zones and, therefore argues that all the three effects described above are likely to be important in the Indian context

24. Literature review SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES (SEZ): PROGRESS, POLICY AND PROBLEMS IN INDIAN ECONOMY Export Processing Zones (EPZ) were established primarily with the motives of promoting exports, accelerate foreign investments and recognizing the need to have a global platform to expose domestic firms and producers to the internationally competitive markets, when the pioneering EPZ in Asia was set up at Kandla (Gujarat State) in 1965. Since then, a number of EPZs have come up in various sectors and in different states. But a revolution in EPZs / Special Economic Zones (SEZ) came up in 2000 when Murasoli Maran , then Union Commerce Minister made a tour of SEZ s in China and incorporated it as part of the Annual declaration of EXIM Policy of India. Five years later, SEZ Act was promulgated in 2005 and in 2006, SEZ rules were formulated. However, the recent progress of SEZ has been tardy and sluggish mainly because of Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) and phasing out the profit linked incentives and replace them with investment linked incentives. Under these circumstances, this research paper assesses the progress of SEZ, and understands why the developers and industrialists have described them as riddled with fiscal issues and as inadequate rather than leading to the coveted export promotional and trade developmental policy.

25. Literature review Labour Law and Special Economic Zones in India While it has been acknowledged that the Chinese endeavor to manufacture for exports in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) has resulted in the expansion of employment and wages ( Ge 1999), it has also been widely reported that basic labour standards are upheld rather poorly in China (Amnesty International 2002). To the extent that poor labour standards/ conditions characterize the SEZ system in China—it is important to investigate whether the Indian version of the SEZ is subject to similar hazards. The Indian State undoubtedly aspires to imitate the Chinese experience1 and success in expanding manufactured exports and employment by setting up SEZs—Indian policy documents often celebrate Chinese economic ascendancy, though rarely if ever acknowledging the concomitant controversy over labour rights. Thus, this paper aims at two tasks—First, to analytically describe the legal regime concerning labour in SEZs in India, and second, to point towards critical normative tensions, generated by the legal regime.

26. Literature review FUTURE PROSPECTS OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONEs IN INDIA IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR Special Economic Zones is a policy which was introduced on 1.4.2000 for setting up of internationally competitive and hassle free environment for exports in a country. Units may be set up in SEZs for manufacture of goods and rendering of services. It is expected that this will trigger a large flow of foreign and domestic investment in SEZs, in infrastructure and productive capacity, leading to generation of additional economic activity and creation of employment opportunities. SEZs is a geographical region with different economic laws than a country’s typical economic laws, with the main goal of attracting foreign investment. In economic terms, SEZs is specifically delineated duty-free enclave and shall be deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of trade operations and duties & tariffs.

27. Literature review IMPACT OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SPZ) ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION: AN INDIAN EXPERIENCE Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were established in many countries as testing grounds for implementation of liberal market economy principles. SEZs are viewed as instruments enhancing the acceptability and credibility of transformation policies, attracting domestic and foreign investment and also for the opening up of the economy. SEZs in India seek to promote the value addition component in exports, generate employment as well as mobilise foreign exchange. Globally, many countries initiated Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) which eventually led to a spurt in investments in infrastructure developments for Free Trade Zones (FTZs) and SEZs. A close examination of the evolution of SEZs in countries with similar economies as India eg ; China, Iran, UAE and Jordan, will help us to understand their success stories and thereby implement those factors, in order to curb the SEZ bottlenecks faced by India today

28. Literature review Special Economic Zone: Perspectives of Inclusive Growth and Social Development in Odisha ” The Government of India enacted the SEZ Act in 2005 with the broad objective of providing sustainable economic environment for the promotion of goods in a quick and hassle free manner. It is more liberal than previous economic policy with the perspectives of social development especially for the displaced families due to zone set up and the overall development of the nation as a whole. The SEZ Act was expected to give a big thrust to exports and consequently to the foreign direct investment inflows into India and is considered to be one of the finest pieces of legislation that may well represent the future of the industrial development strategy in India. Considering the present scenario; the SEZ policy is probably one of the most controversial of all government policies in the post liberalization era.

29. Literature review The Current Status of SEZ, India S. Chandrachud , Dr. N. Gajalakshmi , IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM ) SEZ , the acronym of Special Economic Zone. SEZ is a geographical region that has economic laws different from a country’s generally applicable economic laws, for the purpose of economic development and growth with the help of foreign investment. Literally SEZ means, a geographically demarcated region that has economic laws that are more liberal than the country’s typical economic laws and where all the units therein have specific privileges. SEZs are specifically delineated duty-free enclaves and are deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of trade operations, duties and tariffs. 1 The Present paper attempts to measure the level of economic quake felt by Indian economy in the 21st century with the subheading SEZ – In Global context, SEZ - In Indian context, Comparison of State-wise approvals of SEZ and Sector-wise approval of SEZ and concluded with role of SEZ in Units Approvals, Export performance, Employment generation and Investment .

30. Literature review Location strategy for competitiveness of Special Economic Zones in India – A Generic framework Tarun Dhingra , Dr. Ambalika Sinha , Dr. Tripti Singh Competitiveness has emerged as an important discipline in the area of strategy and research efforts have brought many interesting perspective and frameworks at the country, industry and firm level. Seeing competitiveness from competence point of view, role of factors, internal to the firms such as firm’s strategy, structures, competencies and capabilities and other tangible resources lead to competitive success of a firm. This is recognized as Resource Based View towards competitiveness. Location decision of a firm has been subject for empirical researches and literature suggests that location can be a contributing factor to the competitiveness of a firm. The impact of location on the firm performance has been the subject for research and special economic zones, as a specialized location, have provided ease to use business location along with advance infrastructure and other facilities to enhance competitiveness at the country level.

31. Literature review Special Economic Zones and Agriculture with Increasing Returns, Soumyatanu Mukherjee , CREDIT Research Paper No. 13/07 This note shows that in a developing economy, agriculture and Special Economic Zones (SEZ) can grow simultaneously without affecting one another if an appropriate subsidy policy is designed by the government. We consider increasing returns brought about by external economies of scale in the SEZ-led industrial sector with a Dixit- Stiglitz production function where resource used to produce each variety of the SEZ-good is itself produced using constant returns to scale (CRS) technology and CRS is also present in the agricultural sector.  

32. Literature review Special Economic Zones ( Sezs ) and its Future Prospects in India, Dr. M. Ashok Kumar , PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH During the past five decades, free trade zones have become an increasingly important element of world trade. As a result , a somewhat standard zone model has developed, based loosely on the much- lauded 1970’s Chinese zones. Used properly, this model can be effective at generating change within a handful of basic economic parameters (the opening and development of new markets, exports-generation, attraction of FDI, experimentation with liberalization, etc. Taking a distinctly developmental perspective on zones’ use- fulness , this paper analyzes the extent to and mechanisms by which India’s Export-Oriented Unit (EOU) scheme (a policy platform supporting geographically-dispersed, opt-in, domestically- linked export enclaves) has contributed to structural transfor-mation in recent decades. The paper will assess state-wide EOU distributions based on three characteristics urbanization, geographical dispersion, and sectoral .  

33. Literature review Key Success Factor of Special Economic Zone for Thailand, P. Pakdeenurit , N. Suthikarnnarunai Member, IAENG, IMECS 2014, March 12 - 14, 2014, Hong Kong The main purpose of this paper is to find out the key factors of the Special Economic Zone(SEZ)'s success by applying the appropriate mathematical model and using 11 variables to analyze in order to get its result. For example, some of the factors are; FDI, GDP, high-technology, R&D, Co2and export. In the beginning, this research was tested in China and India. This same mathematical model will be tested in The USA and Thailand in the near future to guarantee its precision. However, this model shall be tested in some other countries and regions. That to make sure the assumptions and key factors are reliable, suitable and able to support the future area to come.

34. Literature review Special Economic Zone: Facts, Roles, and Opportunities of Investment, Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 Vol II, IMECS 2014, March 12 - 14, 2014, Hong Kong . This paper presents an in depth review of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) all over the world. This can be summarized that an establishment of SEZ aims to enhance the prosperity of the country. There are several forms or types of SEZ depend on the establishing objectives, infrastructure of the country, country’s politics, and geographical location. Six types of Special Economic Zone – Free Trade Zone, Export Processing Zone, Enterprise Zone, Single Factory, Free Ports, and Specialized Zone – associated with their characteristics are presented here. It also presents the insights of three leading nations in managing SEZ which include; 1) the United States of America, the pioneer of SEZ, 2) Shenzhen city of China, the most successful model of SEZ, and 3) India, the largest SEZ in the world. Those nations do not merely invest in their own countries. Limitations and benefits in establishing SEZ are also presented. Most of those are about special law, exclusive regulation, a reduction of operation barriers, tax exemption, and financial support. Therefore, this article can be used as a guideline for countries which would like to develop SEZ in the future.

35. Literature review Special Economic Zones (SEZS) in India and Gujarat: A Policy and Performance Perspective, Dr. Nirali Pandit , IRJBM – (www.irjbm.org ) July- 2014 - Volume No – VII The current paper discusses Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in general level at world and, then the Indian situation is discussed and compared with that of Gujarat. The article discusses SEZ units in a macro environment where SEZ policy is a major part. Thus, the SEZ policy of the Central Government and the Gujarat State Government is discussed in detail followed with the organization, structure and export performance of SEZs in India and Gujarat. Finally, the initiatives taken by the Central Government in the form of schemes and other steps taken for boosting the growth of SEZs in India are identified and gaps in policy at central and state level are discovered.

36. Literature review EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF SEZS IN INDIA Dr. B.S. Khurud , Int. J. Eco. Res., 2013, v4i4, 01 – 05 The Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are considered as growth drivers of our fast growing economy. The basic Objective of SEZs is to generate additional economic activities, promote investment from domestic and foreign sources and improve the competitiveness of exports of our goods and services. The present article aims at evaluating the impact of SEZs on Indian exports during 2000-01 to 2010-11. The study reveals that the overall exports performance of SEZs is satisfactory. However, SEZs wise, State wise and Sector wise achievement is not uniform. Indian SEZs today plagued with number of problems. The policy makers and government therefore should make sincere efforts to solve their problems.

37. Literature review The Politics of India’s Special Economic Zones, Rob Jenkins, 16 September 2007 India’s Special Economic Zone Act, 2005 received the President’s assent on June 23, 2005. Well before the detailed regulations that would govern its implementation came into force in February 2006, various government agencies and private-sector actors had begun responding to the Act’s provisions. As of this writing (in August 2007), very little actual construction in those areas officially designated as Special Economic Zones (SEZs) has taken place, and the policy’s economic and political effects are still a matter of conjecture.Even so, there is more than two years of fairly robust policy and implementation history to examine; more than seven years if we include the precursor measures contained within the Exim Policy introduced in 2000.

38. Literature review Special Economic Zones and Economic Corridors, ERIA Discussion Paper 2009-16 Various reports show that special economic zones (SEZ) have become a prime catalyst for regional development in developing countries such as China and the ASEAN countries. The SEZ can be defined as a specific geographical region with economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws. Many SEZs have characteristics of bonded zones, export processing zone (EPZ) or free trade zones and provide special incentives, including tax exemption or reduction to investors. The purpose of the paper is to enumerate the candidates for SEZ in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV countries) according to four types: "metropolitan areas," "ports and harbors," "border areas" and "junctions or intersections."

39. Literature review Special Economic Zones: Are They Good for the Country, Ram Krishna Ranjan , CCS Working Paper No. 156 Summer Research Internship Program 2006, and Centre for Civil Society India over the past decade has progressively opened up its economy to effectively face new challenges and opportunities of the 21st Century. To compete in the global market, the Government of India ( GoI ) has liberalized export policies & licensing of technology and implemented tax reforms providing various incentives. Special Economic Zone (SEZ) policy is also one of the steps India has taken to boost economic growth through outward looking approach. Special economic zone is a specifically duty fee enclave and shall be deemed to be foreign territory for the purpose of trade operations and duties and tariffs. When SEZ policy was introduced in the country, it made headlines and people started considering it as a policy to create a hassle free and investment friendly environment.

40. Literature review Facilitate Stakeholder Consultation on Potential Reform of the SEZ Policy and Operating Framework. The SEZ sector has grown significantly since the enactment of the SEZ Act 2005 and Rules in 2006, in terms of the number of SEZs, investment attracted, and employment and exports generated. While these achievements are irrefutable and significant, a comprehensive analytical assessment of the performance of the sector and certain key developments in the politico-economic environment in recent years reveals aspects of the SEZ Policy and Operational framework that perhaps require are-look with a view to possible reform.  

41. Plan for next 6 months Formation of Questionnaire

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