sg unit-1.pptx

Smart grid technology

1. Smart Grid

2. UNIT-I Contents:- Electrical Grid Concepts of Smart Grid Need for Smart Grid Smart Grid Drivers Smart Grid Functions Opportunities for Smart Grid in India Challenges for Smart Grids Smart Grid Implementation Challenges in India Smart Grid Benefits Difference between Conventional and Smart Grid Traditional Grid

3. Electrical Grid Autonomous monitoring and controlling Reduce losses Advancement in the monitoring, control, and protection of the grid component Centralized generation facilities . Consumer demand management and new dispatch model could significantly improve the optimization of the electric system

4. Concepts of Smart Grid An electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electrical energy from the generating end to customer end The network contains four important modules namely, generating station, substation, transmission system and distribution system A smart grid can be termed as a modern grid A bidirectional flow National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provided a conceptual model

5. Conceptual model of Smart Grid

6. i ) Bulk Generation Domain The bulk generation domain generates electricity in bulk quantities (more than 300 MW ) ii) Transmission Domain Carries bulk electricity over long distances via transmission cables Increase in voltage is done to reduce transmission loss High voltage transmission can minimize the loss This domain needs to maintain stability on the electric grid by balancing energy generation with energy demand

7. iii) Distribution Domain Distribution of electricity is initiated with distribution substations step-down transformers, which reduces the high voltage transported from the generator side The customers can be either large industries or small homes IV) Operations Domain The flow of electricity is managed in this domain faulty analysis provides information about faulty location, identification, isolation and system restoration

8. V) Service Provider Domain supporting the business related data of a power system Domain executes the billing and customer account management, monitoring and controlling of energy use and energy generation, etc . VI) Markets Domain Here grid assets are bought and sold Balances the supply and demand within the power system VII) Customer Domain The customers are end users of this conceptual model The customer store, and manage the use of energy

9. Need for Smart Grid Enhancement of Power Reliability customer to access the electricity without any disruption The power flow can be made continuous by grid load balancing and distribution automation services . Lack of Infrastructure G rowth of power sector can be made highly realistic only with a good infrastructure demands improvement in grid infrastructure. Curtail Power Theft losses are categorized as Technical – Transmission Losses , N on technical – Power theft

10. Satisfying Power Demand The increasing population has triggered power shortage challenges increase in power demand can be smartly managed by the smart grid technologies. Integrating Clean Power essential to use renewable energy based power resources rather conventional power plants Environmental Impact Fossil fuel based power plants has become a largest source of carbon emission For zero emission system it has become mandatory to deploy renewable energy source integration to existing grid

11. Smart Grid Drivers Smart grid drivers are the forces that have emphasized the need for smart grid for overcoming the challenges faced by power sectors For enabling a sustainable future, the smart grid is essential Smart Grid drivers are Economic Competitiveness Customer Empowerment Inexorable Increases in Electricity Demand Global Warming

12. Smart Grid Functions Smart grid reacts to critical issues in a safe and secured manner entire process of smart grid can be managed and monitored under a single system called Wide Area Network Functions are Fault Current Limiting Improved Fault Protection Diagnosis and Notification of Equipment Condition Wide Area Monitoring, Visualization and Control Power Flow Control Dynamic Capability Rating Adaptive Protection Automated Feeder and Line Switching Automated Islanding and Reconnection Real-Time Load Measurement and Management

13. Challenges for Smart Grids Government support Lack of policy and regulation Compatible equipment Capacity to absorb advanced technology Consumer awareness

14. Smart Grid Implementation Challenges in India Power Theft Inadequate Grid Infrastructure Low Metering Efficiency Lack of Awareness

15. Difference between Conventional and Smart Grid Traditional grid Smart grid One-way communication Two-way communication Centralized generation Distributed generation Hierarchical structure Network type structure Low level of automation High level of automation High losses Losses are minimized Low efficiency and reliability High efficiency and reliability Low customer satisfaction High customer satisfaction