shampoo as a cosmetic product , pharmaceutical

shampoo, sunscren, cold cream

1. Assignment on building blocks shampoo Submitted by- Surya prabhakar SIngh M.pharma 1 st yr (pharmaceutics) B U , jhansi Submitted to- Dr. Alok mahor Assistant professor; Institute of pharmacy Bundelkhand University Jhansi

2. Content Introduction Need of shampoo Building blocks- shampoo Formulation of shampoo Raw material of shampoo Mechanism of shampoo Type of shampoo and its Formula Quality control of shampoo Evolution test Reference

3. Introduction A shampoo isahair care product, typically in the form of viscous liquid that is used for cleaning hair to remove dirt, dandruff, pollutants, and other contaminant particles that gradually builds up in hair. The goal is to remove the unwanted build - up without striping out so much as to make hair unmanageable. Shampooing is frequently followed by conditioners which increase the ease of combing and styling.

4. Why are we Need shampoo….? The skin on our head produces agreasy fluid called Sebum. It is produced to protect the hair, by coatingitself all over the head. This gives the hair ahealthy shine but when secreted in large amountit makes the hair lookdirty.

5. Building blocks for - shampoo A Shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant in a suitable form – liquid, solid or powder which when used under the specialized conditions will remove surface grease, dirt and skin debris from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user. Ideal Properties :- It should produce good amount of foam. It Should beeasily removed on rinsing with water. It Should impartapleasant fragrance to the hair. It should not cause any side affectsor irritation to the skin or eye. It should be effectively or completely removedust or soil. • Itshould not make the hand rough.

6. Raw materials For formulation of shampoo The basic ingredients in a shampoo formation are as follows: 1. Water 2. Surfactants : ammonium lauryl sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium laureth sulphate. 3. Foam Boosters: betaines or alkanolamides 4. Thickeners : Carboxy methyl cellulose, Nac 5. Conditioning agents: silicones such as methicone and quarternaryagents 6. Preservatives : DMDMHydantoin and methylparaben. 7. Antidandruff Agents: Selenium sulphide, inc pyrithone, salicylic acid.

7. Aesthetic Additives : Colorants: glycerine distereate UV absorbers : These are often benophenone derivatives Opacifiers: EDGS Fragrance: Limonene, Ethyl isovalerate Ethylisovalerate (apple scent) Vanillin (Vanilla scent) Limonene (citrus scent)

8. Mechanism of shampoo- cleaning process The surfactant molecules present in shampoo hasahydrophilic 'head' anda lipophylic 'tail’. When we apply shampoo and water to the hair and generate lather, the hydrophilic end isdrawn towards water while the tail isdrawn towards grease and oil on the hair and scalp. The oil and grease contains dirt and skin particles. At high concentration the surfactants form miscelle. When shampooing, anionic surfactants containing hydrophobic tail getsadsorbed togrease or dirt of hair. Thus, these dirt are removed by further rinsing.

9. Mechanism action - shampoo

10. Manufacture process of shampoo Proportion of ingredients in 50g shampoo (used in the lab):

11. Procedure In a beaker 0. 5g of CMC was taken and it was dissolved in 12 mLof distilled water. In another beaker 10g of SLS was taken and 38 mL of distilled water was added to it. It was then heated on water bath for 20 mins. It was added to the beaker containingCMC with constant stirring. Then 1qCPB and 0. 5g methicone was added to it. A pinch of citric acid was added. Later adrop of color and adrop perfume were added. A pinch of NaCl was also added.

12. Composition of shampoo:-

13. Quality control test After ashampoo formula is developed, it is tested to ensure that its qualities will minimaly change over time. And to ensure that theshampoo is safe for using. Some of the testsarelisted below: Foam and foam stability Detergency and cleansing action Eye irritation Oral toxicity pH test Skin irritation test Viscosity measurements

14. Evolution test of shampoo 1) Determination of percent of solid contents: Aclean dry evaporating dish was weighed and added 4g of shampoo to it. Evapourating dish with the shampoo was weighed. The exact weight of shampoo was calculated the evapouratingdish with the shampoo was placed on a hot plate until the liquid portion evapourates. . The weight of shampoo only (solids) after drying was calculated. 2) Determination of pH: The pHof 10% shampoo solution in distilled water was determined at room temperature usingadigital pH meter. B) Determination of viscosity: It is determined using Brookfield viscometer. 100ml of shampoo is taken in a beaker a spindle is dipped in it for about 5 minutes and then reading is taken.

15. 4) Foaming ability a Foam stability: - 50ml of 1% shampoo solution was put into a 250ml cylinder and covered thecylinder with hand and shaken for 10 times. The total volume of the foam contents after 1 minute shaking were recorded. The foamvolume was calculated after shaking the volume of the foam at 1 minute interval for4 minutes were recorded. 5) Skin irritation test: • Patch test technique is used here. A set of 6 rabbits were used for testing each material. The shampoo preparations are diluted between concentrations of 8 - 10%. Patches containing the shampoo preparations were applied a then removed, the skin sites were noted for any changes on the surface of skin like edema, erythema formation. These products are then classified as mild irritant, moderate a severe.

16. 6) Cleaning action : 5g of woolyarn were placed in grease, after that it was placed in 200ml of water containing 1g of shampoo in a flask. Temperature was maintained at 35 ° C. The flask was shaked for 4 minutes at the rate of 50 times a minute. The solution was removed and sample was taken out, dried and weighed a calculated the amount of grease removed. 7) Dirt dispersion: Two drops of shampoowere added in a large test tube containing 10ml of distilled water. 1drop of ink was added; the test tube was stoppered and shaked it 10 times. The amount of ink in the foam was estimated as none, light, moderate or heavy.

17. 8) Surface tension measurement : Measurements were carried out with a 10% shampoo solution in distilled water at room temperature. Thoroughly clean the stalagmometer with purified water because surface tension is highly affected with grease or other lubricants. 9) Eye irritation test: About 1% shampoo solution was dripped into the eyes of 6 albinorats with their eyes held open with the clips at the lid. The progressive damage to the rabbit's eyes was recorded at specific intervals over an average period of 4 seconds. Reaction to the irritants can include swelling of the eyelid, inflammation of the iris, ulceration, haemorrhaging and blindness.

18. Indian market product:- These are some following Indian shampoo products:- Head and shoulder Clinic Plus Dove…etc.

19. Reference • B. M. Mithal and R. N. Shah handbook of cosmetic. • Gupta. Pharmaceutics and cosmetics • S. Saraf, cosmetics a practical manual 2nd edition p. P Sharma CR Cosmetics Formulation Manufacturing And Quality Control, P. P. Sharma, 5th Edition, Page no - 155 - 188, 327 - 349. htttps: // www. Slideshare.net/StaretteRabara/creams https: // www. Slideshare.net/AnupriyaSingh/Pharm aceuticalcreams/83458761