SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA-Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH

CLASSICAL TEXT REVIEW

1. CLASSICAL TEXT REVIEW शांर्ङ्गधरसंहिता D r .MEENU SWAMINATH Ist Year PG RSBK BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya BelgaVI

2. CONTENT Objectives Introduction About the author & book Commentaries & publications Chapters Highlighting contributions of text Own view Research articles Thrust areas for future research Conclusion 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 2

3. OBJECTIVES To know the text book in detail and its importance in the field of Rasa shastra and Bhaishajya kalpana . 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 3

4. INTRODUCTION Sharangadhara Samhitha is an epitome of Ayurvedic literature of medieval India. This book is designed in a simple and easy language to serve as a handbook for practitioners and students. It has been categorized under Laghutrayee of Ayurveda along with Madhava Nidana and Bhavaprakasha. Sharangadhara Samhita is one of the practical book for Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 4

5. AUTHOR There is controversy regarding the author Sharangdhara As per the colophon given in the end of each chapter Sharangdhara is considered as the son of Damodhara . Other details of time and place not given in the book. ONE OPINION Sharangdhara ,the author of Sharangdhara padati,Sharangdhara of Sharangdhara trisati and Sharangadeva of Sangita Ratnakara are different. Sharanghara who identify the author of the present work was a separate individual who can be placed around 13 th century AD. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 5

6. SECOND OPINION As per rudra bhatta (Sanskrit commentator) Period-13-14 AD also written a treatise on Neeti Shastra known as Sharangadhara Paddhati . RAGHAVENDRA GOPAL DAMODAR DEVA SHARANGHARA LEKSHMIDHAR KRISHNA Eldest son of DAMODHAR & grandson of RAGHAVENDRA Sharangadhara was not only a good physician and author; he was also a good poet. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 6

7. Sharanghara belongs to the state of sakambari which was ruled by King Hamira from the family of Cauhana . The state of sakambari was spread in the region of the present ambala district in the north of kurukshetra . A highly qualified Brahmin scholar named Raghavadeva was the guru of King Hamira.Hammirapur,a district place in Uttar Pradesh was founded by King Hamira Dev,a kalachura Rajputa,11 th century,according to district gazetter . 4 person named as Sharangdhara 1.Sharanghara the author of Sharangdhara paddhati & Sharangdhara Samhita 2.Sharangdhara son of devadasa & disciple of vaikunthasrama 3.Sharangdhara Misra 4.Sesa Sharangdhara 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 7

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9. CLASSICAL ACKNOWLEDGED COMMENTARIES COMMENTATOR COMMENTARY PERIOD BOPADEVA Sharangdhara samhita 14 TH AD ADHAMALLA Dipika 14 th AD KASIRAM VAIDYA Gudartha dipika 16 th AD RUDRABHATTA Ayurveda dipika 17 TH AD 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 9

10. SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA According to experts the period of Bopadev precedes sharangdhara.He is contemporary of Hemadri (1206-1309).Therefore he cannot write any commentary on Sharangdhara Samhita,authored by Sharangdhara Acharya . B opadeva was a great scholar who was well versed in Ayurveda, Vyakarana (grammar), Jyotisha (astrology) and allied subjects. He wrote a commentary on Sharangadhara Samhita. Bopadeva was the son of Keshava , a great physician and a friend of Hemadri . Hemadri was the commentator of Ashtanga Hridaya . He was the disciple of Pandit Dhanesa . He was the royal physician of Mahadev , king of Devagiri in K arnataka . Bopadeva also wrote a commentary on SiddhaMantra , a work of his father. B opadeva also wrote Shatashloki . He also wrote a commentary on his own work. Hemadri wrote commentaries on the other 2 works of Bopadeva namely ‘ Muktaphala ’ and ‘ Harileela ’ . B opadeva has a number of works on his name in various subjects. He belongs to 14th century AD. Bopadeva also has composed a Nighantu by the name‘ Hridaya Dipika’ which was edited and published by Acharya Priyavrata Sharma. Bopadeva belonged to Vedpur , capital of king Simharaj , on the banks of River Varda.. Unfortunately this commentary has not been published 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 10

11. DIPIKA Adhamalla wrote a popular commentary on Sharangadhara Samhita by the name ‘ Dipika’ Adhamalla was the court physician of Jaitrasimha , the king of Hastikantapura , situated on the banks of river Charmavati ( Gujarat). He also belonged to the native place of Sharangadhara i.e. Hammirapura in the Shakambari kingdom It is inferred that Vaidya Adhamalla belongs to14th century AD. It is elaborate and has been published. It is available in full form ,provides additional information regarding synonymns of drug and clarification on many more points. Adhamalla in his commentary Dipika interpreted the verses of Sharangadhara in a different way. Example, in the context of respiration Sharangadhara, quotes ‘ Hridayam Chetana Sthanam ’ in Purva Khanda 5/47-50 verses. But it was interpreted for the functions of the central nervous system by Adhamalla in his commentary. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 11

12. GUDARTHA DIPIKA Kashiram Vaidya was one of the best commentators of Sharangadhara Samhita . His commentary is known by the name ‘ Gudardha Dipika’ . Kashiram belonged to the period of king Sahasa Lema , son of Shershaw , who ruled approximately around 1550 AD. Hence it is inferred that Vaidya Kashiram belongs to 16th century. Kashiram Vaidya has quoted references from Madana Vinoda (14th century AD), Pathya Nighantu (15th century AD) and Bhavaprakasha (16th century AD). Thus it can be inferred that Kashiram Vaidya belongs to 16th century AD. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 12

13. AYURVEDA DIPIKA The commentary written by Rudra Bhatt on Sharangadhara Samhita is known as ‘ Ayurveda Dipika’Rudra Bhatta was the son of Kinnera Bhatt , the royal physician of Abdul Rahim. The work of Rudra Bhatta is not available in full form. The work only up to Madhyama Khanda was available with Vaidyaraj Yogeshwara Sharma. It was not published. Rudra Bhatta also wrote a commentary on Vaidya Jivana by the name ‘ Dipika’. Vaidya Jivana was written by Lolamba Raja . Rudra Bhatta wrote a voluminous treatise on medicine also. Krishna Bhatt , grandfather of Rudra Bhatt wrote a commentary on Charaka Samhita. Rudra Bhatta belongs to 17th century AD. This commentary is very concise and at present available only for second and third section of Samhita. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 13

14. TRANSLATIONS Hindi translation : Jivanaprada - Dr. Shailaja Shrivastava Pandit. Parasurama S hastri Dr.Bhramhmanand Tripathi Dr.Bhrigupathi Pandey Acharya Radhakrishna Parasara English translation : Prof. Srikanta Murthy. Dr.Prabhakar Rao Dr.Ravindra Angadi Dr.Himasagara Chandra Murthy Marvadi translation :Vaidya vinoda-Ramachandrayathi Malayalam translation : ‘ Hridayapriya vyakhya ’ - Anekkaleelil.S.Gopala Pillai 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 14

15. PUBLICATIONS Chaukambha surbharathi prakashan Choukambha orientalia Sri Vaidyanatha Ayurveda bhavan limited 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 15

16. DIVISION OF CHAPTERS 3 divisions,32 chapters,2,600 verses . POORVA KHANDA 7 chapters Poslogy,schedules of drug administration,prognosis of disease,mechanism of drug action,anatomy,physiology and enlisting disease MADHYAMA KHANDA 12 chapters Drug formulation divided into different dosage form and chapters organised as per into svarasa,kvatha,phanta,sita,kalka etc UTTARA KHANDA 13 chapters Drug formulation useful in panchakarama and other supplementary therapies.snehana,svedana,panchakarama,dhumapana,gandusa,lepa etc.concludes with netra chikitsa 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 16

17. SPECIALITIES Nadipareeksha vidhi is explained for the first time in this text as a method for diagnosis of diseases. It is the first book describing method of Respiration mentioning special terms like Ambarapeeyusha & Vishnupadamrita . Detailed description of Saveeryatavadhi of formulations are given in Prathama khanda. Pharmacological terms are clearly defined in Deepanapachanadi vidhi adhyaya . Enumeration of diseases are done in a systematic manner in the Rogaganana chapter. Raktaja nanatmaja vyadhis are explained for the first time here. Snayuka krimi roga has been recognised for first time in this text. Chronological kshaya of different biological factors like Balya , Vriddhi etc in different decades of life are explained in systematic manner. Detailed description of different kalpanas are seen in madhyama khanda. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 17

18. • Drugs like Ahiphena , Akarakarabha , Jatiphala , Bhanga etc are incorporated into Ayurvedic materia medica. • Laghu Soochikabharana Rasa prayoga - a new mode of administration of drug directly into blood stream through an artificial wound is explained. • Frequent use of visha dravyas like Vatsanabha , Vishamushti , Jayapala etc in therapeutics. • Parshni daha in Vishuchika, Agnikarma in Andakosha vriddhi, stanika dahana karma in Yakrit & Pleeha disorders are explained. • 7 methods of Anagni Swedas ( Niyudha , Margagamanam , Gurupravaranam , Ksudha , Chinta , Vyayama & Bhara ) are given. • 1 Prasta is considered equivalent to 13 ½ palas in the context of Vamana, Virechana and Rakthamokshana . • Virechana yogas like Abhayadi modaka , Shadrithu virechana yogas etc are explained. • 14 Pratimarsa nasya kalas and 7 Netra kalpanas are also explained. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 18

19. POORVA KHANDA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 19

20. Chapter 1-MANA PARIBHASHA Starting with mangalcharanam to god shiva Importance of grantha -compilation of chikitsa anubhoota yogas for the benefit of sajjana Manaparibhasha is explained elaborately in this chapter, with various terms and synonyms. 2 types of Mana are explained. (1) Kalinga (2) Magadha (best). Yoga namakarana and matra vinischaya . Chaturguna mana is explained here. Masha, Tanka, Aksha , Bilwa , Kutava , Prasta , Adaka , Rasi , Goni and Khari are quadruples successively. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 20

21. Basic principles of Bhaishajya Kalpana ( Adharabhuta siddhanta ) explained for the first time in this samhita . Method for Kutava patra nirmana , Dravya sangrahana vidhi for ardra , shushka and pranija dravya based on bhumi and kala . Chandana grahana niyama is explained. i.e. Sweta Chandana is used for Churna, Sneha, Asavarishta , Avaleha and Gudika . But for Kashaya and Lepa Rakta chandana is used. Saveeryatavadhi of kalpanas are explained elaboratly . i.e . Raw drugs- 1 year, Choorna – 2 months, Gudika and Avaleha – 1 year, Ghrita and Taila – 4 months, Laghupaka oshadhi – 1 year and Asava , Arishta and dhatu – infinite. Anukta viseshokta grahana of materials are also mentioned 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 21

22. CHAPTER -2 -BHAISHAJYAKHYANAKA This chapter deals with the 5 Bhaishajya kalas and their indications Dravya lakshana 6 rasas and its description Pancha mahabhuta gunas Veerya,vipaka,prabhava varnana Ritus and their corresponding Surya months, Chaya, Prakopa and Prasama of Tridoshas etc are explained. Yamadamshtra : it is a period of 16 days, i.e. last 8 days of Kartika month and 8 days of Agrayana ( marga sheersha ) month. During this period one can be healthy, only if he is swalpabhukta 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 22

23. This chapter deals with the examination of Nadi (pulse) in various physiological and pathological conditions of the body. Dhamani situated at the mula of angushta (i.e. wrist) karasya angusta mulae is known as jeevasakshini (radial artery). Physician should recognize the health and ill health of a person from his Nadi . Nadi gati according to dosha dominance Vata— jaluka,sarpa Pitta- kaka,manduka Kapha- lava,tittiri,varti Nadi gati in swastha and vyadhita Dhuta pareeksha Dhuta lakshana,Vaidya lakshana,paricharaka lakshana,bheshaja lakshana Chikitsa yogya rogi lakshana Subha and Asubha dhuta lakshanas and Swapna lakshanas are also mentioned here. CHAPTER 3 – NADIPARIKSHADI VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 23

24. CHAPTER 4 – DEEPANAPACHANADI VIDHI Definition of pharmaceutical terms like Deepana,Pachana,shodhana,rechana,sramsana,shamana,anulomana,Bhedana,vamana,Chedana,Lekhana,grahi ,sthambana with examples are explained . Included shilajatu in Chedana dravya –the drug which forcibly roots out the sticky dosha like kapha. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 24

25. Description of Anatomy and Physiology of human body is given in this chapter. Kala, Aashaya,Dhatu,Mala,Upadhatu,Twak,Sandhi,Asthi,Marma,sira,dhamani,peshi,kandara,10 randhras,srotas etc Twak are 7 in number. 7th layer of twak is known as Stula . Term ‘ Tila’is mentioned instead of kloma , which is the mula stana of Jalavahi sira . Term ‘ Jeevaraktasaya ’ is used to denote Heart. Dhatu utpatti ,karma and swarupa . Dhatu malas,upadhatu Properties and Types of Doshas are explained, in which there is a difference in the names of 5 Kaphas . Malas and Upadhatus of Dhatus are also explained. Physiology of Respiration is explained with new terms like Vishnupadamrita and Ambara piyusha (both to mean Oxygen). Srishtikrama is also explained in this chapter . CHAPTER 5 - KALADIKAKHYANA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 25

26. Digestion and metabolism of food is explained in this chapter. Mainly deals about kriya shareera , Ahara bheda,Pachana and its importance Rakta nirmana and mahatva Garbha vatarana Bala bheshaja matra ( Kastoushadhi ) 1 st masa-1 ratti Till one year-1 ratti increased every masa Till 16 years-1 masha increased every year If pancha vidha kashaya has to be given it should be 4 times to that of above mentioned Loss of different biological factors according to the stages of life is described . Deha prakriti lakshana Nidra,bhrama,murcha Age specifications for different kriyakramas are also explained in this chapter CHAPTER 6 – AHARADI GATI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 26

27. Deals with roga bheda While explaining Krimi , a special type known as Snayuka krimi of kapha rakta origin is mentioned. Added also daha,urograha,anaha,somaroga,prameha pidaka,shooka roga,yoni kanda,panchakarma vyapad ,,Sneha vyapad,upadrava . 3 types of Stri doshas are mentioned ; Adaksha purushotpanna , Sapatni vihita and Daivaja . 4 types of Upadravas ; due to Seeta , Ushna, Salya and Kshara. According to Sharngadhara , Nanatmaja rogas are of 4 types; i.e. Vataja-80, Pittaja - 40, Kaphaja-20 and Raktaja-10 Visha -3 types Stavara-kalakudadi Jangama-luta,vrshika,sarpa etc Kritrima-2 types- gara & dushi visha Sapta dhatu visha & sapta upadhatu visha CHAPTER 7 - ROGAGANANA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 27

28. MADHYAMA KHANDA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 28

29. Pancha vidha Kashaya kalpanas Swarasa nirmana bheda Anagni siddha-guru-1/2 pala Agni siddha-laghu-1 pala Prakshepaka dravy a,matra & example Putapaka vidhi & examples i.e,Kutaja,aralu,vasa etc CHAPTER 1- SWARASAADI KALPANA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 29

30. Method of preparation of kwatha-1:8 reduced to 1/8 th Synonyms, prakshepa drugs,pana vidhi & matra according to Doshas as well as individual doses are explained. Guduchi,parpata,patola,amrutastaka,bhunimbadi,triphaladi,punarnavadi kwatha etc 80 Kashaya yogas with indications are mentioned. Upakalpanas of Kwatha kalpana like Pramathya,yavagu,yusha,shadanga Paniya, Ushnodaka & Ksheerapaka with examples Anna kalpanas like Vilepi , Peya , Bhakta & Manda nirmana and its usage . CHAPTER 2- KWATHAADI KALPANA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 30

31. CHAPTER 3- PHANTA KALPANA Method of preparation-1:4 Prakshepa drugs Matra-2 Pala 3 yogas of Phanta kalpana etc are explained - brihat madhookapusphadi,amradi,laghu adukapusphadi phanta Mantha kalpana ( Upakalpana of Phanta ) with examples are also explained. Mantha nirmana-1:4 Karjuradi mantha CHAPTER 4- HIMA KALPANA Method of preparation Matra-2 pala A mradi,marichadi,nilotpaladi,Amrutha,dhanyaka,dhanyakadya hima 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 31

32. CHAPTER 5- KALKA KALPANA Method of preparation, synonyms, prakshepa dravya & matra Matra-1 karsha 17 Kalka yogas are explained. Nimba,rasona,tanduliya,ankota,abhayadi,trivrthadi,tila,sunti kalka Vardhamana Pippali prayoga is mentioned here. CHAPTER 6- CHURNA KALPANA Method of preparation of Churna Matra-1 karsha Amalaki,,Pippali,panchakola,astavarga,sudarshana,Talisadi,ssitopaladi,,lavanabhaskara churnaetc prakshepa dravya matra – guda -equal Sita-2 part ghrtadi-2 times;Drava dravya-4 times 53 Churna yogas are explained. Pancha nimba churna contain- loha bhasma Navayasa churna-9 parts of loha ( hata ayasa ) Properties of Anupana , dose for Churnadi kalpanas , Bhavana pramana etc. are also explained. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 32

33. Vati paryaya Method of preparation, dose, prakshepa drugs Mana of prakshepa Guda-2 times Guggulu -equal Sita-4 times 21 Gutika yogas etc are mentioned. Sanjeevani,vyoshadi,chandraprabha,kankayana vati etc Yogaraja , kaishora,thriphala,kanchanara,gokshuradi guggulu etc Guda Chatushtaya prayoga is explained here. 1) Guda + Shunti – Ama 2) Guda + Pippali – Ajeerna 3) Guda + Jeeraka – Mutrakrichra 4) Guda + Abhaya – Arsha. CHAPTER 7 - GUTIKA KALPANA Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 10/29/2021 33

34. Method of preparation & anukta pramana of sweetening agents Avaleha siddhi lakshanas -tantumatva,apsumajjana,peedita mudra,gandha varna rasodhbhava Anupanas 7 Avaleha yogas are explained. Kantakari,chyavanaprasha,kushmanda,Agastya hareetaki, Kutajastaka avaleha CHAPTER 8- AVALEHA KALPANA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 34

35. Sneha paka vidhi-1:4:16 Kwatha preparation for sneha Kalpana-1:4 reduced to 1/4 th Kwatha vidhi based on katinata and pramana of dravya taken Kalka,drava dravya pramana Sneha siddha lakshana-vartivat,agni nikshipte shabdahina,phenodgama in taila,phena santhi in sarpi,gandha varna rasa utpatti 3 Sneha pakas prakara & their indications- Mrdu,madyama,khara,dagdha,aama amount of Kalka Kala nirdesha in ghritadi kalpana • 16 Ghrita yogas & 33 Taila yogas are also explained. CHAPTER 9 - SNEHA KALPANA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 35

36. Definition, method of preparation, D ifference between Arishtasavas , dose. Anukta mana of ingredients of Arishtasavas , 13 Arishta & Asava yogas , etc are explained. Usheerasava,kumaryasava,lohasava,vidangarista,,khadirarista,draksharista,dashamularista etc Madya bhedas like Seedhu , Sura, Prasanna,Kadambari,jagala,surabeeja,Varuni , madhushukta , Tushambu , Souveera , Kanjika & Sandaki are also explained. Lohasava-loha churna Kumaryasava-loha bhasma,dhatu makshika CHAPTER 10 - SANDHANA KALPANA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 36

37. 7 dhatus— Swarna,rajata,tamra,pittala,loha,naga,vanga bhasma vidhi and even for kamsya Dhatu shodhana. 7 upadhatus -Swarna makshika,tuttha,abhraka,neelanjana,manahshila,harathala,rasaka-shodhana & marana vidhi . Ratna shodhana,vajra,va ikrantha bhasma vidhi . Shilajatu shodhana,mandura bhasma, kshara preparation. CHAPTER 11- DHATU SHODHANA MARANA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 37

38. Parada guna,nama,shodhana Shodhana of Rasa, Gandhaka & Darada Hingula shodhana Hingulotta Parada nirmana Parada bhubhukshakarana , marana 4 methods Parada marana etc are explained. 9 dhatus & their relation with nava grahas , 9 Maha visha drugs & 7 Upavisha drugs, Jayapala & Vatsanabha shodhana etc are also explained in this chapter. 46 Rasa yogas are explained. CHAPTER 12- RASADHYAYA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 38

39. YOGAS Jwarankusha-dose-1 Nisha Lokanatha rasa Anandabhairava Icchabhedi Mahanaracha rasa Vasantha kusumakara Rajamriganka Udayaditya Agnitundi Grahanikapata Mriganka pottali rasa Hemagarbha pottali Mahajvarankusha rasa Laghu suchikabhrana rasa- suchi mukha dose 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 39

40. UTTARA KHANDA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 40

41. 4 basic Types of sneha , their time of application, their mutual combinations, sneha yonis, best sneha among each G roup, Indications and contraindications of Snehapana , Samyag Snigdha, Atisnigdha and Heena snigdha lakshanas and their Upakramas are explained. Snehapana matra can be decided based on the bala of Dosha, Kala, Agni and Vaya. i.e. for deeptagni – 1 pala , Madhyamagni – 3 karsha and Jaghanyagni -2 karsha Sadya sneha yogas , Snehajeerna lakshanas and upakramas , apathyas during sneha seva etc are explained. CHAPTER 1- SNEHAPANA VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 41

42. Classifications Indications and contraindications of Sweda , Procedures of 4 types of sweda , Tapa, Ushma , Upanaha and Drava swedas are given. 3 types Sveda - Maha,madyama , durbala CHAPTER 2 – SWEDA VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 42

43. Indications and contraindications of Vamana dose of different Vamana dravyas procedure and paschat karma of Vamana Samyakvamita , Ativamita and Heena vamita lakshanas Pathya apathyas after Vamana benefits of Vamana are explained. 3 Vamana vegas: Uttama - 8, Madhyama – 6 and Avara – 4. In cases of Vamana, Virechana and Sonitamoksha , 1 Prasta mana is considered as 13 ½ pala . CHAPTER 3 - VAMANA VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 43

44. Indications and contraindications of Virechana D oses of Virechana dravyas are explained. Samyak virikta , Durvirikta and Ativirikta lakshanas and their remedies Benefits of Virechana and some Virechana yogas etc are explained. Ritu virechana explained Ulbana atisara hara lepa -sahakara tvacha lepa CHAPTER 4 - VIRECHANA VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 44

45. Indications and contraindications of Anuvasana basti Basti yantra Basti netra procedure of Anuvasana basti etc are explained. Anuvasana Basti matra: Uttama -6 pala, Madhyama-3 pala and Heena-1 ½ pala. Samyak Anuvasita lakshanas Paschat karma Benefits, Vyapat and Chikitsa Pathyapathyas of Anuvasana etc are also explained. CHAPTER 5 – BASTI VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 45

46. Indications and contraindications preparation of Basti dravya procedure of Niruha basti Suniruda and Durniruda lakshanas etc are explained. Niruha Basti matra: Uttama – 1 ¼ prasta, Uttama – 1 ¼ prasta and Heena – 3 kutava. Different types of Bastis are explained like Dosha hara vasti , Sodhana vasti etc. CHAPTER 6 - NIRUHA BASTI VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 46

47. Uttarabasti administration method U ttarabasti netra pramana S neha matra for uttarabasti Indications and contra-indications of uttarabasti etc are explained in this chapter. CHAPTER 7- UTTARABASTI VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 47

48. 2 Types of Nasya ; 1. Rechana ( karshana ), 2.Snehana ( brimhana ) Virechana nasya matra :- Uttama : 8 Bindu, Madhyama : 6 Bindu & Adhama : 4 Bindu. Indications & contraindications of nasya Samyak , heena & ati suddha lakshanas of nasya . Some nasya yogas with indications are also explained. For eg : Kumkuma nasya , Mashadi nasya , Marichadi nasya etc Panchakarma CHAPTER 8 - NASYA VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 48

49. Types of Dhumapana ; 6 types: 1) Shamana 2) Brimhana 3) Rechana 4) Kasaghna 5) Vamana 6) Vranadhupana . Indications & contraindications of Dhumapana , Dhuma nadi & its length for each type of Dhumapana , Dhuma varti nirmana method & Methods of Dhumapana are explained Dhumapana yoga bala graha dhupana dravyas-mayurapicha,nimbapatra,brihati phala,marica,hingu,mamsi,karpasa bija,chaga roma,ahinimoka,bidalaki vista,gaja danta curna CHAPTER 9 - DHUMAPANA VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 49

50. Types of Gandusha and Pratisarana Hinayoga and Atiyoga of Gandusha some Gandusha , Kabala and Pratisarana yogas etc are explained. CHAPTER 10 – GANDUSHADI VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 50

51. Synonymns of mukha lepa-alepa,lipta,lepa,lepana 3 types of Mukha Lepas and their Pramanas (thickness) are explained; Doshaghna - ¼ Angula, Vishagna - 1/3 Angula and Varnya - ½ Angula. Many Lepa yogas for different diseases are explained; eg : keedaghna lepa , lepas for Palita , Indralupta etc. 4 types of Murdha Taila explained; i.e. Abhyanga, Parisheka , Pichu and Basti. Detailed description of Sirobasti vidhi and Karnapurana vidhi etc are given. CHAPTER 11 – LEPADI VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 51

52. Quantity of blood to be let in Raktamoksha is 1 prasta / ½ prasta / ¼ prasta . Shuddha and Dushta rakta lakshanas , indications and contraindications. various methods for Raktasrava according to Doshas etc are also explained. CHAPTER 12 - SHONITAVISRAVA VIDHI 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 52

53. 7 Netra kalpanas are explained in this chapter. They are Seka, Aschotana , Pindi , Bidalaka , Tarpana , Putapaka and Anjana. Indications, contra indications D osage T ime and duration all netra karmas along with examples are explained . CHAPTER 13- NETRA PRASADANA KARMA 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 53

54. OWN VIEW Eventhough in the purva kanda explained about various aspects of Ayurveda it dealted in concise form. The names of five kaphas vary slightly from those found in other text like kledana ( kledaka ), Snehana ( tarpaka ), Rasana ( bodhaka ), Avalambana ( avalambaka ), Shleshmaka ( sleshaka ). Sweda,danta,kesha,ojas are named as upadhatus . In the rasa shastra part explained about rasa ingredients in varoius preparation but a few shodhana,marana of metals and minerals are there. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 54

55. RESEARCH ARTICLES 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 55

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58. THRUST AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH Further studies in the various formulations put forth by Sharangdhara Corelative study of posology with modern . Critical analysis of pathya , apathya,vihara and special advices given in special formulation 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 58

59. CONCLUSION प्रसिद्धयोगा मुनिभिः प्रयुक्तचिकित्सकैर्ये बहुशोऽनुभूताः ॥ विधीयते शांर्ङ्गधरे ण तेषां सुसंग्रहः सज्जन रज्नाय ||2| Most of the popular and famous formulations which the sages tested and recorded the efficacy by the physicians on regular usuage are here collected by Sharangdhara for the best use of all human beings This samhita give complete background of fundamental principles of health care management ,therapeutic management and drug pharmacology . This Samhita lays the foundation for appropriate use of therapies and drug formulations. Apart from kastoushadhis which has been in vogue from the time of Charaka, Sushruta And Vagbhata , Sharangdhara included many recipes of rasa making this work replete with a number of fast-acting recipes. 10/29/2021 Dr.MEENU SWAMINATH -SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 59

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