Shift Microoperations by Pir Sarfraz RSDT larkana

My presentation on Computer Architecture topic Shift micro operations assigned by Prof: Sir Mohmaad Raza Baloch Shb

1. Shift Micro operations Assigned By: Prof Sir Mohammand Raza Baloch Shb Delivered by : Pir Sarfraz

2. Topic To be Discuss.. Micro Operations Types Of Micro Operations Shit Micro Operations Logical shift micro operation. Circular shift micro operation Arithmetic Shift micro operation Register Transfer language References

3. Micro Operations The operations executed on data storage in registers are called micro operations. A Micro operation is an elementary operation performed with the data stored in registers. Micro operations Example: Shift , count clear and load

4. Types of micro operations Arithmetic micro operations Logic micro operations Shift micro operations Shift micro operations

5. Shift micro operations Shift micro operations are used for serial transfer of data. This operations shift contents of register in left of right direction. At the same time when the bits are shifted the last or flip-flop receives binary information from serial inputs.

6. The bits are shifted to words left by one bit position The bits are shifted to words right by one bit position Example :

7. Types Shift micro operations Logical shift micro operation. Circular shift micro operation Arithmetic Shift micro operation

8. Symbolic designation Description R ← shl R Shift-left register R R ← shr R Shift-right register R R ← cil R Circular shift-left register R R ← cir R Circular shift-right register R R ← ashl R Arithmetic shift-left R R ← ashr R Arithmetic shift-right R Symbolic designation Description R ← shl R Shift-left register R R ← shr R Shift-right register R R ← cil R Circular shift-left register R R ← cir R Circular shift-right register R R ← ashl R Arithmetic shift-left R R ← ashr R Arithmetic shift-right R Shift Micro operations TABLE 4-7. Shift Micro operations

9. Use symbols, rather than words, to specify the sequence of micro operations The symbolic notation used is called a register transfer language A programming language is a procedure for writing symbols to specify a given computational process Define symbols for various types of micro operations and describe associated hardware that can implement the micro operations Register transfer language

10. Register transfer language

11. Logical shift micro operation A logical shift transfer 0 through the serial input. OR The standard logical shifts shift all bits one bit position to the left or right and place a 0 in the leftmost or rightmost position, respectively. It can be defined in RTL by: R←shl R shift-left register R R←shr R shift-right register R  

12. Circular shift micro operation The circular shift it is also known as Rotate micro operation. It circulates the bit around both ends without any loss of information. It operate the same as a logical shifts except that instead of shifting a 0 into the end bit, the leftmost bit is shifted into the rightmost bit position on a CIL, and the rightmost bit is shifted into the leftmost bit position on a CIR. It can be defined in RTL by: R←cil R circular shift-left register R R←cir R circular shift-right register R

13. Circular shift micro operation EXAMPLE

14. Arithmetic Shift micro operation The arithmetic shift shifts a signed binary number to the left or right • To the left is multiplying by 2, to the right is dividing by 2 • Arithmetic shifts must leave the sign bit unchanged Because the sign of the number remain same when it multiplied or divided by 2. The left bit hold the sign bit and others hold number The sign bit 0 for positive and 1 for negative Negative numbers are in 2’ complement form. It can be defined in RTL by: R←ashl R arithmetic shift-left register R R←ashr R arithmetic shift-right register R

15. Example :

16. References Computer Architecture Notes Slide Share Wikipedia Rockpedia Zeepedia

17. Thanks