shock power point for healthcare students

Shock power point for health care students

1. SHOCK

2. Objectives After studying the material in this chapter, the student will be able to:- Define shock Identify different causes of shock. Explain signs and symptoms of shock. Describe first aid measures of shock.

3. Shock It is a condition resulting from a depressed state of many vital body functions due to decreased tissue perfusion. “A life-threatening condition, characterized by an i nability of the circulatory system to supply adequate oxygen and nutrients to the tissues ” Simply stated, shock results from i nadequate perfusion of the body’s cells with oxygenated blood.

4. imbalance b/n demand and supply

5. What is shock? Cell death Inadequate oxygen delivery Catecholamine's and other responses Anaerobic metabolism Cellular dysfunction Generalized State of Hypoperfusion

6. Causes Hemorrhage • Severe vomiting and diarrhea. • Burn. • Infection. • Heart attack Poisoning by chemicals gases, alcohol or drugs. • Other causes like stress and temperature instability,

7. Signs and Symptoms Pale or bluish skin and mucus membrane, cold extremities to touch. • Moist and clammy skin. • Weakness. Rapid and weak pulse and too faint to fell at the wrist but perceptible in the carotid artery . Rapid and shallow breathing especially in case of abdominal and chest injury. • Low blood pressure. • Restlessness, anxiety severe thirst, vomiting or retching.

8. Categories of Shock HYPOVOLEMIC CARDIOGENIC DISTRIBUTIVE OBSTRUCTIVE

9. Hypovolemic Shock An emergency condition in which rapid fluid loss results in multiple organ failure due to inadequate perfusion. „ Hemorrhage Vomiting / diarrhea Burns

10. Distributive Shock Redistribution of blood flow away from vital organs to non vital organs due to abnormal vasodilatation Results in decreased preload, after load Types Sepsis Anaphylactic Neurogenic

11. Anaphylactic Shock Results from allergic to medicine or allergen resulting in vasodilatation and distributive shock Increase HR, decrease preload, decrease contractility Treatment: fluids, epinephrine (adrenaline)

12. Neurogenic shock Loss of sympathetic vascular ton e due to spinal cord or brainstem injury= distributive shock. Failure of the nervous system to control diameter of blood vessels. Increase HR, decrease preload, +/- contractility, there is generally no actual blood loss ‡Classic signs of shock may not be present

13. Cardiogenic Shock Adecreased pumping ability of the heart. Causing a shock-like state with inadequate perfusion to the tissues. It occurs most commonly in association with, and as a direct result of, acute ischemic damage to the myocardium . Myocardial injury Tachycardia Bradycardia Valvular defect

14. Obstructive Shock one of the four types of shock, caused by a physical obstruction in the flow of blood. Obstruction can occur at the level of the great vessels or the heart itself. Causes Cardiac tamponade Tension pneumothorax Massive pulmonary embolus

15. Treatment Objectives To identify and treat the cause. • To improve circulation. • To ensure an adequate supply of oxygen • To maintain normal body temperature. To transfer the patient to health facility immediately.

16. Care for Shock Follow the emergency action steps, CHECK—CALL—CARE, including calling the local emergency number). To care for shock— Monitor the victim’s breathing and signs of life. Control any external bleeding. Elevate the legs about 12 inches to help blood circulate to the vital organs.

17. Care for Shock cont.... Do not elevate the legs— If the victim is nauseated or having trouble breathing. If you suspect head, neck or back injuries or possible broken bones. If moving causes more pain Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink, even though he or she is likely to be thirsty. Help the victim maintain normal body temperature by keeping him or her from getting chilled or overheated.

18. Administering Fluids Give fluids by mouth if there is no medical help nearby; discontinue fluids if the victim becomes nauseated or vomits. Don't give fluid by mouth if: Victim is unconscious Victim is vomiting or about to vomit and having a convulsion. When a victim likely to have surgery or anesthetic or have brain or abdominal injury. Note : When the victim is conscious give plenty of fluids prepared from half teaspoon of salt, two to three table spoon of sugar or honey and some orange or lemon juice in a litter of water. Encourage the victim to drink as often as possible especially until he/ she urinates frequently.  

19. THANK YOU