Shoot tip culture

Shoot tip culture

1. INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD Topic of presentation: SHOOT TIP CULTURE Presented by: Anum Y ousaf 489-FBAS/BSBT/F13 Atia Gulzar 407-FBAS/BSBT/F13 Nosheen Rehman 436-FBAS/BSBT/F13 Presented to: MADAM RUBINA Dated: 28 th November 2016 Course: Agriculture B iotechnology INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

2. CONTENT LIST Introduction What Is Meristem Culture? History Of Plant Tissue Culture Principle Why S hoot Tip or Meristem?? Protocol And Stages Of Shoot Tip Culture Factors Affecting Shoot Tip Culture Application Of Shoot Tip Culture Limitations Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION Shoot tip culture may be described as the culture of terminal (0.1-1.0 mm) portion of a shoot comprising the meristem (0.05-0.1 mm) together with primordial and developing leaves and adjacent stem tissue.

4. Why shoot tip or meristem?? Virus free plants No cell differentiation Virus cant move from cell to cell Intense metabolic activity No vascular system

5. PROTOCOL

6. Protocol Remove the young twigs from a healthy plant. Cut the tip (1 cm) portion of the twig. Surface sterilize the shoot apices by incuba­tion in a sodium hypochlorite solution (1% available chlorine) for 10 minutes. The ex- plants are thoroughly rinsed 4 times in ster­ile distilled water. Transfer each explants to a sterilized petri dish.

7. Cut off the ultimate apex with the help of scalpel and transfer only those less than 1 mm in length to the sur­face of the agar medium. Incubate the culture under 16hrs light at 25°C Remove the outer leaves from each shoot After the removal of all outer leaves, the apex is exposed. Protocol

8. STAGES OF SHOOT TIP CULTURE Murashige reported that there are three stages of culture : Stage 1 is the culture establishment stage when explant may develop into single shoot or multiple shoots. At this stage explant are supplements with cytokinin like BA, kinetin and 2iP .

9. In stage 2 the objective is to multiply the propagule and for this axillary shoot proliferation is followed as it maintains higher genetic stability . STAGES OF SHOOT TIP CULTURE

10. The stage 3 purpose is regeneration of adventitious roots from the shoots obtain in stage 2 Numerous studies have indicated that NAA is followed by IBA,IAA, 2,4-D and other auxins are used for induction of root generation. STAGES OF SHOOT TIP CULTURE

11. Factors affecting shoot tip culture Size of ex plant Physiological condition of ex plant Season of culture Culture medium Storage condition

12. Application of Shoot-tip or Meristem Culture Virus Elimination Plants are often infected with more than one type of virus, including some even not known. A general term virus- free is used by commercial horticulturist for plants freed of any type of virus like potato

13. 2. Micro Propagation A sexual (seed) or vegetative propagation (vegetative e part) of whole plants using tissue culture techniques referred to as micro propagation.

14. 3. Storage of Genetic Resources Many plants produce seeds that are highly heterozygous in nature or that is recalcitrant. Such seeds are not accepted for storing genetic resources. So , the meristem from such plants can be stored in vitro.

15. 4 . Quarantine Plantlets derived from shoot-tip or meristem cultures are easily accepted by the quarantine authority for international exchange without any checking. Therefore , using this technique , crop plants can be easily exchanged in crop improvement programmes that are based on materials from different parts of the world .

16. CONCLUSION It is very effective method of cloning of plant material and to develop disease free clean plant stock. Shoot Tip Culture is a part of plant tissue culture which is a sun-rise technology and working as a catalyst of agricultural and industrial development