SHS Q1 WEEK 1 Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.pptx

EARTH & LIFE SCIENCE

1. Minerals Gems

2. ROCKS 3 any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. • categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition and the way in which it is formed. Rock Formation

3. Sabtang Island, Batanes

4. Ilocos Norte

5. (Surigao, Mindanao)

6. 3 Main Categories of Rocks 9 IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Sediment - materials “ignis” - fire deposited by water, wind and/or glaciers “meta” - change “morph” - form

7. 3 Main Categories of Rocks

8. ROCK CYCLE rocks from one kind to another.

9. IGNEOUS ROCKS from a Latin word “ignis” which means fire. • The parent material of igneous rocks is usually magma (a molten material from deep within the earth that cools and hardens).

10. IGNEOUS ROCKS Fine-grained Igneous rock (“Aphanitic”) - has smaller crystal due to the faster rate of cooling of the magma. 2) Coarse-grained Igneous Rock (“Phaneritic”) - has larger crystal due to the slower rate of cooling of the magma.

11. IGNEOUS ROCKS -grained Igneous rock -grained Igneous Rock (“Aphanitic”) (“Phaneritic”)

12. IGNEOUS ROCKS Mafic - are magmas associated with crystal spreading. 2) Felsic - are magmas associated with crystal compression.

13. IGNEOUS ROCKS ✓ cool slowly ✓ forms coarse grained rock ✓ presence of crystal growth 2) EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS ✓ cool quickly ✓ forms fine-grained rock ✓ lack of crystal growth

14. IGNEOUS ROCKS

15. IGNEOUS ROCKS or Plutonic Igneous Rocks:

16. IGNEOUS ROCKS Extrusive or Volcanic Igneous

17. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS formed by the compaction and cementing together of sediments (broken pieces of rock-like gravel, sand, silt, or clay)

18. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Lithification - a process of sementing soft, unconsolidated sendiments into hard rocks. • Deposition - process when rocks are fragmented into tiny bits, then carried to low areas and settled at the bottom. • Sedimentation - process of building up of deposited rocks after many years.

19. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

20. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Clastic - are formed from mechanical weathering debris. 2. Chemical - are formed when dissolved materials precipitate from solution. 3. Organic - are formed by accumulated sedimentary debris caused by organic processes.

21. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS TYPE EXAMPLES • Conglomerate - composed of pieces pebble-size or larger CLASTIC • Sandstone - composed of sand-size pieces • Shale - composed of pieces smaller than fine sand • Limestone - a whitish or grayish rock made CHEMICAL of the mineral calcite. • Rock salt, iron ore, chert, flint, some dolomites, and more. • coal, lignite, oil shale, or black shale ORGANIC • Chalk • Limestone with fossils • Coquina

22. METAMORPHIC ROCKS The metamorphic rocks get their name from “meta” (changed) and “morph” (form). • Movement of earth causes rock to be pressed or buried that leads to an increase in temperature and pressure.

23. METAMORPHIC ROCKS is the transformation of the rock’s minerology and physical characteristics.

24. METAMORPHIC ROCKS is the transformation of the rock’s minerology and physical characteristics.

25. METAMORPHIC ROCKS ✓ evolves when rock near igneous intrusive gets heated. ✓ produces non-foliated metamorphic rocks. 2) REGIONAL (PRESSURE) Metamorphism ✓ affects a large area due to mountain formation. ✓ foliated rocks are produced and strong pressure effects.

26. METAMORPHIC ROCKS -FOLIATED ✓ formed around the igneous intrusive. ✓ their atoms recognize while becoming more compact and dense. ✓ shows color bands that reflects very small impurities. 2) FOLIATED ✓ formed within the earth’s interior. ✓ extremely high temperature and unequal pressure. ✓ better identified on the basis of their texture.

27. METAMORPHIC ROCKS Slate - derived from shale. • Serpentine - originates from basalt. • Gneiss - derived from conglomerate. Contains feldspar or quartz. Marble - derived from limestone-its parent rock. A hard crystalline rock and the most beautiful rock because of its shimmering luster. • Quartzite - derived from sandstone, its hard and durable.

28. METAMORPHIC ROCKS

29. METAMORPHIC ROCKS - the original / parent rock or the unmetamorphosed rock from which a given metamorphic rock is formed - From the Greek words: “proto” means first and “lithos” means rock

30. METAMORPHIC ROCKS

31. TYPES OF ROCKS