Sieve Analysis of Fine & Coarse Aggregate | Jameel Academy

#Jameel_Academy_Concrete_Tests

1. University of Duhok
College of Engineering
Civil Department
Concrete Technology – Practical
Concrete Laboratory



A Report About :


Sieve analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates


Submitted By : Jameel Masoud Jameel

Lab. No. : 7
Group Name : B1

Testing Date : 3 / 12 / 2017
Submitting Date : 10 / 12 / 2017

Supervised By : Youkhanna

2017 – 2018

2. References :



1) ASTM C136-2001
2) BS 812- 103.1 : 1985, BS EN 933.2: 1996







Introduction :



Aggregate gradation known as sieve analysis defined as the
dividing the particle sizes expressed as a percentage of the total
weigh. it is used to determine the particle size distribution of a
granular sizes. The technique involves the layering of sieves with
different grades of sieve opening sizes. The finest sized sieve lies
on the bottom of the stack with each layered sieve stacked above in
order of increasing sieve size. When a aggregate is added to the top
and sifted, the particles of the aggregate are separated into the final
layer the particle could not pass.

3. Purpose :

1) Determination of the particle size distribution of fine and coarse
aggregates by sieving.

2) Determine the maximum size of aggregate.

3) Determine the fineness modulus (F.M.) of the aggregate.




Materials :

1) Sand (an air dry sample of fine aggregate).
2) Gravel (an air dry sample of coarse aggregate)




Equipment :



1) Sensitive balance.
2) Containers to carry the samples.
3) Oven (if samples are wet, use oven to dry them).
4) Scoop.
5) Mechanical sieve shaker.
6) Two sets of sieves:

a) For fine aggregate use No.(4, 8, 16, 30, 50, 100) or (4.75, 2.36,
1.18, 0.6, 0.3, 0.15)mm.
b) For coarse aggregate use (1.5” or (37.5mm), 1” or (25 mm), ¾ “
or (19 mm), ½ “ or (12.5 mm), 3/8” or (9.5mm) and No.4). In
addition to a pan and a cover for each set.

4. Sketches :








Oven Sensitive Balance










Two set of sieve Container










Stop Watch Scoop

5. Procedures :

1) Prepare an air dry sample of aggregate from one of the two methods
prescribed in test#7, the minimum weight of a sample is depended upon it
is maximum size and as shown in table (1).

2) Arrange the sieves in a decreasing order of size of openings, from top to
bottom, and the pan at bottom, place the sample on the top sieve, then
cover and start sieving using a mechanical shaker for at least 10 minutes.

3) Open the sieves set carefully, weigh the residue on each sieve and pan.

4) Check the total sum of all residues with the original sample weight, (the
difference should not be more than ±1%).

5) Calculate the percentage retained on each sieve, cumulative percentage
retaining and percentage passing.

6) Determine the F.M and average size for fine aggregate, and maximum size
for coarse aggregate.

F.M=
∑Cumulative retain perentage
100


7) Compare the results (% passing) with the limits given by ASTM,
then sketch the results.








- Table (1) minimum weight of sample of aggregate required for sieving

Maximum size (mm) Minimum sample weight (kg)
63 50
50 35
40 15
28 5
20 2
14 1
10 0.5
6, 5, and 3 0.2
Less than 3 0.1

6. Calculations and Results :



- We have 1 kg of Fine aggregate and 3 kg of Coarse aggregate

For Fine Aggregate :

Sieve size
(mm)
Weight
Retained (gm)
Weight
Retained (%)
Cumulative
Retain (%)
Cumulative
Passing (%)
Specification
Limit (%)
4.75 130.5 13.1 13 87 +5 95 - 100
2.36 167.5 16.8 30 70 +5 80 – 100
1.18 103.5 10.4 40 60 50 – 85
0.6 217 21.8 62 38 25 – 60
0.3 226.5 22.7 85 15 10 – 30
0.15 107.5 10.8 96 4 2 – 10
Pan 44 4.4 100 0 ----------
∑= 996.5 100.000

The Error between Total retained weight and original sample weight is :

Error=
1000−996.5
1000
×100 =??????.???????????? %

The Fineness Modulus is :

F.M=
13+20+40+62+85+96+100
100
=??????

Therefore from (F.M) , the Average size of our sample is (0.6 mm)




0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
00.30.60.91.21.51.82.12.42.733.33.63.94.24.54.85.1
Cumulative passing (%)
Sieve size (mm)
Specification limits and Our result
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

7. For Coarse Aggregate :


The Error between Total retained weight and original sample weight is :


Error=
3000−2998.5
3000
×100 =??????.???????????? %

And the maximum size which sieve is coarser than sieve that retain 15 %
is (13.2 mm).

Note for both tables :

- The red shading ( ) indicate that cumulative passing is not placed between the
specification limit after adding or subtracting 5 %.

- The green shading ( ) indicate that cumulative passing is placed between the
specification limit after adding or subtracting 5 %.
Sieve size
(mm)
Weight
Retained (gm)
Weight
Retained (%)
Cumulative
Retain (%)
Cumulative
Passing (%)
Specification
Limit (%)
37.5 0 0.0 0 100 95 – 100
19 825.5 27.5 28 72 -5 35 – 70
13.2 1603.5 53.5 81 19 ----------
9.5 466.5 15.6 97 3 +5 10 – 30
4.75 98.5 3.3 100 0 0 – 5
pan 4.5 0.2 100 0 ----------
∑= 2998.5 100.000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0246810121416182022242628303234363840
Cumulative passing (%)
Sieve Size (mm)
Specification limits and Our result
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

8. Discussion and Conclusion :

In this test we determine the average size for fine aggregate, maximum
size for coarse aggregate and compare the cumulative passing with
specification limits, finally we got a result after doing all procedure
accuracy, which is the average size for fine aggregate is (0.6 mm) and
the maximum size for coarse aggregate is (13.2 mm). And in generally
the cumulative passing didn’t placed in the range of specification limits
because in coarse aggregate (9.5mm) sieve size just (3%) pass through
the sieve, it should be in the range (10% – 30%). And in fine aggregate
two sieve (2.36mm & 4.75mm) which is cumulative passing didn’t
sufficient to place between the range of specification limits. And the
errors that maybe we have from total weight of retained and original
weight but the errors for both aggregate are less than (1%). But another
error that cause aggregate didn’t place between the specification limits
is the bringing sample procedure, because we didn’t bring the sample in
different place, didn't use the dividing procedure when bringing sample
and didn’t reduce to wanted weight.

In conclusion the purpose of this test is to know the distribution of
aggregate particle size and how to determine the maximum size, average
size and how to compare our result with specification. finally, we
compare our result with specification after doing some procedure and
calculation, but our result didn’t place between the specification limits.
therefore, we cannot use our aggregate for construction purpose.