Significant, Growth & Development of Road Transport

MBA (Tourism) Presentation by Satyendra Chaudhary / Satya in ITHM , Bundelkhand University Jhansi.

1. Significant, Growth & Development of Road Transport Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management Bundelkhand University Jhansi Submitted to:- Submitted by:- Dr. G. K. Srineevasan Satyendra Chaudhary

2. Road Transport History The first evidence of road development in the  Indian subcontinent can be traced back to approximately 2800 BC from the ancient cities of  Harrapa  and  Mohenjodaro  of the Indus Valley Civilization. Ruling emperors and monarchs of ancient India had constructed roads to connect the cities. Archaeological excavations give us fresh information about road connectivity in ancient India. The Grand Trunk Road was built by the Mauryan Empire and expanded over many different dynasties until being completely revived by Emperor  Sher Shah Suri in 1540-45 connecting  Sonargaon  near Dhaka in Bangladesh with Peshawar in modern-day Pakistan linking several cities from in India. It was also further expanded by the Mughal Empire.

3. Current Status India  has a road network of over 5,903,293 km as on 31 March 2019,  the second largest road network in the world. At 1.70 km of roads per square km of land, the quantitative density of India's road network is higher than that of Japan (0.91) and the United States (0.989888) to, and far higher than that of China (0.46), Brazil (0.18) or Russia (0.08 ).  Adjusted for its large population, India has approximately 4.63 km of roads per 1000 people. However, qualitatively India's roads are a mix of modern highways and narrow, unpaved roads, and are being improved.

4. NHAI National Highways Authority of India The NHAI was created through the promulgation of the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988. Section 16(1) of the Act states that the function of NHAI is to develop, maintain and manage the national highways and any other highways vested in, or entrusted to, it by the Government of India. In February 1995, the Authority was formally made an autonomous  body.It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways, totaling over 92,851.05 km (57,694.97 mi) in length. The NHAI is also responsible of the toll collection on several highways.

5. Indian Highways

6. Tourism System There are three important components of tourism:- A – Attraction A – Accessibility (Transport) A – Accommodation

7. Tourist Circuits (Roadways Linkage) While it is true that one can’t cover the entire nation in a few days or months, these popular tourist circuits of India give tourists an incredible opportunity to lose themselves in the vastness of this country. 1. The Golden Triangle Delhi→Jaipur→Agra The highlights of the circuit: i . Delhi: Red Fort, Qutub Minar , India Gate, Lotus Temple, and Chandani Chowk ii. Agra: Taj Mahal , Agra Fort, and Fatehpur Sikri iii. Jaipur : Hawa Mahal , Amer Fort, City Palace, Jantar Mantar , Jal Mahal , and Nahargarh Fort Days needed to cover the circuit:  5-7 days

8. 2. The Desert Circuit Jodhpur→Bikaner→Jaisalmer The highlights of the circuit: i . Jodhpur: Mehrangarh , Umaid Bhawan Palace, Jaswant Thada , Ghanta Ghar , and Balsamand Lake ii. Bikaner: Junagarh Fort, Lalgarh Palace, Bikaji Ki Tekri , Prachina Museum, and Bhandasar Jain Temple iii. Jaisalmer : The Great Indian Desert, Jaisalmer Fort, Patwaon - Ki -Haveli, Gadisar Lake, and Salim Singh Ki Haveli Days needed to cover the circuit:  5-7 days

9. 3. The Buddhist Tourist Circuit Lumbini→Bodhgaya→Sarnath→Kushinagar The highlights of the circuit: i . Lumbini : Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini Monastic Site, Royal Thai Monastery, Dae Sung Shakya , Myanmar Golden Monastery, and Kundan Stupa ii. Bodhgaya : Mahabodhi Temple, The Great Buddha Statue, Metta Buddharam Temple, and Root Institute for Wisdom Culture iii. Sarnath : Dhamekh Stupa , Chaukhandi Stupa , Tibetan Temple, Sarnath Temple, Japanese Temple, and Wat Thai Sarnath Temple iv. Kushinagar : Matha Kuar Shrine, Parinirvana Stupa , and Chinese Temple Days needed to cover the circuit: 15-20 days

10. 4. The Chota Char Dham Circuit Badrinath→Kedarnath→Gangotri→Yamunotri The highlights of the circuit: i . Badrinath : Badrinath Temple, Bheem Pul , and Vyas Gufa ii . Kedarnath : Kedarnath Temple iii. Gangotri : Gangotri Temple and Surya Kund iv. Yamunotri : Yamunotri Temple, Sita Ram Lakshman Hanuman mandir , Birla Ashram, Narayan Temple, and Aravind Ashram Days needed to cover the circuit:  10-12 days

11. 5. The Nilgiri Circuit Bangalore→Mysore→Ooty The highlights of the circuit: i . Bangalore: Lal Bagh , Bannerghatta National Park, Cubbon Park, Bangalore Palace, St. Mary’s Basilica, Bangalore, Devanahalli Fort ii. Mysore: Mysore Zoo, Jaganmohan Palace, Folk Lore Museum Mysore, Melody World Wax Museum, Mysore Palace, and St. Philomena’s Cathedral iii. Ooty : Doddabetta , Government Rose Garden, Avalanche Lake, Emerald Lake, and St. Stephen’s Church Days needed to cover the circuit: 5-7 days

12. North–South and East–West Corridor The  North–South–East–West Corridor  (NS-EW) is the largest ongoing highway project in India consists of building 7300 kilometers of four/six lane expressways connecting  Srinagar,  Kanyakumari , Kochi,  Porbandar and  Silchar . Jhansi  is the junction of North–South and East–West Corridors.

13. Golden Quadrilateral The  Golden Quadrilateral is a national highway network connecting many of the major industrial, agricultural and cultural centers of India. It forms a quadrilateral connecting the four major metro cities of India, like Delhi (North), Kolkata (East), Mumbai (West) and Chennai (South). The Golden Quadrilateral Project Project was intended to establish faster transport networks between major cities and ports, provide smaller towns better access to markets, reduce agricultural spoilage in transport, drive economic growth, and promote truck transport.

14. Achievement ( Road Runways) A  highway strip ,  road runway  or  road base  is a section of a highway, motorway or other form of public road that is specially built to act as a runway for military aircraft and to serve as an auxiliary military air base. These runways allow military aircraft to continue operating even if their regular air bases, some of the most vulnerable targets in any war, are degraded or destroyed. The first highway strips were constructed near the end of  World War II  in  Nazi Germany. India has successfully tested its runway strip on a stretch of the  Yamuna Expressway  in Uttar Pradesh on 21 May 2015 . It was built at a cost of ₹ 13,000 Cr for its combat jets of the IAF, a first for military aviation in the country

15. Thank You