Siickness Abscenteesm

Following is my Pedagogy Presentation On Sickness Abscentism

1. SICKNESS ABSENTEEISM Presented by- Dr. Kunal Guided by-Dr. Abhay Mudey 1 19/05/2015 PEDAGOGY

2. Relation between illness, disease, and sickness Abscence 2 19/05/2015

3. Definitions Disease: is defined in terms of objective biological abnormalities in the structure and/or functions of bodily organs and systems Illness : is the personal subjective perception of unwellness . Therefore, if a person feels ill, they are ill Sickness: is derived from the concept of the “sick role”, a role that carries certain privileges (to stay away from work), as well as obligations (to seek medical help and to ‘get well’). 3 19/05/2015

4. Incidence India has a working force of 5 million in registered factories. Research undertaken by the National Productivity Council (N.P.C) into absenteeism showed a marked increase from around 8 to 13 per cent in early 1950s to around 15 to 20 per cent or even more in recent years. The rate of absenteeism was reported to be 8 to 10 days per head per year. 19/05/2015 4

5. Drivers of sickness absence Individual factors – personality and motivation; past behaviour; sick role The ‘system’ – organizational culture and tolerability, what is legitimate; sickness certification Non-work factors – life events and family pressures Work factors – absence as ‘coping’, job satisfaction, chronic adverse features of work Commitment and involvement 5 19/05/2015

6. Absenteeism Absenteeism is a habitual pattern of absence from a duty or obligation The practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good reason 6 19/05/2015

7. Types of Absenteeism Voluntary Involuntary 7 19/05/2015

8. Voluntary An employee's deliberate or habitual absence from work ( Sickie ) Absence from the work, without valid reason. 8 19/05/2015

9. Involuntary Employees can be absent from work for several reasons such as illness, death in the family ,and the personal reasons for absences are unavoidable and understandable, many employers have sick-leave policies that allow employees a certain number of paid absent days per year for these. 9 19/05/2015

10. Causes Long hours of work. Bad working conditions. Lack of co-operation and understanding between management and workers. Sickness. Accidents. Occupational disease. 10 19/05/2015

11. Continued…. Low wages. Lack of proper medical aid and health programs. Lack of canteen services, rest rooms, etc. Bad housing conditions. Evil of drinking. Lack of marketing facilities. Social or religious festivals. Marriages. Education of children. Problem of transport facilities. Workers from rural areas go back to villages, for short or long periods, during sowing & harvest season. 11 19/05/2015

12. EFFECT OF ABSENTEEISM Labour absenteeism is a harmful to both the employee and the worker as follow: Normal work – flow in the factory is disturbed. Overall production in the factory goes down. Causal workers may have to be employed to meet production schedules such worker is not trained properly. Forceful unwilling replacement of employee. Impede production with serious cost repercussions. 12 19/05/2015

13. CONTINUE…. Overtime allowance will increases considerably because of higher absenteeism. When a number of workers absent themselves, there is extra pressure of work on their colleagues who are present. Workers lose wages for the unauthorized absence from work. Habitual absentees may be removed from service causing them great hardship. 13 19/05/2015

14. Controlling Absenteeism Approaches can be used to reduce voluntary absenteeism:- Good factory management & Practices Disciplinary approach Positive reinforcement Combination approach No fault absenteeism Paid time-off(PTO) programs Adequate pre-placement examination Good human Relations Application of ergonomics 14 19/05/2015

15. Disciplinary approach Many employees use a disciplinary approach .People who are absent the first time receive an oral warning, but subsequent absences bring written warnings , suspensions and finally dismissal. 15 19/05/2015

16. Positive reinforcement Positive reinforcement includes such methods as giving cash, recognition, time off or other rewards for meeting attendance standards. 16 19/05/2015

17. Combination approach Combination approaches ideally reward desired behaviors and punish undesired behaviors. This approach uses policies and discipline to punish offenders and develops various programs and rewards for employees with outstanding attendance. 17 19/05/2015

18. Paid time-off(PTO) Programs: Some employers have a paid time-off (PTO) program in which vacation time, holidays, and sick leave for each employee are combined into a PTO account .Employee use days from their accounts at their discretion for illness, personal time, or vacation. If employees run out of days in their accounts, then they are not paid to for any additional days missed. 18 19/05/2015

19. Method to evaluate Sickness absenteeism Bradford Factor or Similar Trigger Mechanisms B = ( SxS ) x D B = Bradford Score S = number of instances of absence in set period D = number of days absence in set period Eg . one instance of 10 days absence = 10 points / 10 instances of 1 day absences = 1000 points Strength:- Can be at level where employer deems absence levels unacceptable Weakness:- Can not be effectively used at causes like; disability, dependant care leave 19 19/05/2015

20. Summary The workplace offers the opportunity to promote and improve the health of employees and their families The drivers for ill-health are not always the same as the drivers for absence We need a better understanding of the causes of sickness absence so these can be managed in a proactive manner 20 19/05/2015

21. References http://www . hse.gov.uk/ aboutus /occupational- desease /the facts Jay’s Text Book of Occupational Diseases AFMC TEXTBOOK OF PSM Anders Wikman, Staffan Marklun d, Kristina Alexanderson, et al. Illness, disease, and sickness absence: an empirical test of differences between concepts of ill health Muntaner C, Borrell C, Vanroelen C, et al. Employment relations, social class and health: a review and analysis of conceptual and measurement alternatives. Soc Sci Med 2010 Jill Blagden , Mowlem Aqumen , et al. Dealing with Employee Absenteeism & Poor Performance Sickness Absence Management – Policy and Procedure by University Of Essex 21 19/05/2015

22. Effective absence management is about creating work environments where employees are less likely to wake up and think 'I don't feel like going in to work today' - David Grech MD Medicare 22 19/05/2015

23. THANK YOU 23 19/05/2015