Simple Machines

Simple Machines

1. SIMPLE MACHINES NAME : RAWID GOSHAN CLASS : 6 VALLUVAR SUBJECT : SCIENCE SUBJECT TEACHER : MISS.SARASWATHY

2. index PAGE NUMBERS NOTES 1 WHAT IS SIMPLE MACHINES? 2 LEVER-DEFINATION 3 LEVER-EXAMPLES 4 TYPES OF LEVER-VIDEO 5 INCLINED PLANE-DEFINATION 6 INCLINED PLANE-EXAMPLES 7 WEDGE-DEFINATION 8 WEDGE-EXAMPLES 9 PULLUY-DEFINATION 10 PULLUY-EXAMPLES 11 WHEEL & AXLE -DEFINATION 12 WHEEL & AXLE -EXAMPLES 13 SCREW-DEFINATION 14 SCREW-EXAMPLES

3. WHAT IS SIMPLE MACHINES? A  simple machine  is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to multiply force.

4. LEVER A  lever  ( /ˈ liːvər /  or  US   /ˈ lɛvər / ) is a  machine  consisting of a  beam  or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed  hinge , or  fulcrum . A lever is a rigid body capable of rotating on a point on itself. On the basis of the location of fulcrum, load and effort, the lever is divided into  three types . It is one of the six  simple machines  identified by Renaissance scientists. A lever amplifies an input force to provide a greater output force, which is said to provide  leverage . The ratio of the output force to the input force is the  mechanical advantage  of the lever.

5. LEVER-EXAMPLES 1 st CLASS LEVER 3 rd CLASS LEVER 2 nd CLASS LEVER

6. LEVER-VIDEO

7. INCLINED PLANE A n inclined plane, also known as a ramp, is a flat supporting surface tilted at an angle, with one end higher than the other, used as an aid for raising or lowering a load. [1] [2] [3]  The inclined plane is one of the six classical  simple machines  defined by Renaissance scientists. Inclined planes are widely used to move heavy loads over vertical obstacles; examples vary from a ramp used to load goods into a truck, to a person walking up a pedestrian ramp, to an automobile or railroad train climbing a grade. [3] Moving an object up an inclined plane requires less  force  than lifting it straight up, at a cost of an increase in the distance moved. [4]  The  mechanical advantage  of an inclined plane, the factor by which the force is reduced, is equal to the ratio of the length of the sloped surface to the height it spans. [5]  Due to  conservation of energy , the same amount of  mechanical energy  ( work ) is required to lift a given object by a given vertical distance, disregarding losses from  friction , but the inclined plane allows the same work to be done with a smaller force exerted over a greater distance. [6] [7] The  angle of friction , [8]  also sometimes called the  angle of repose , [9]  is the maximum angle at which a load can rest motionless on an inclined plane due to  friction , without sliding down. This angle is equal to the  arctangent  of the  coefficient of static friction   us  between the surfaces. [9] Two other simple machines are often considered to be derived from the inclined plane. [10]  The  wedge  can be considered a moving inclined plane or two inclined planes connected at the base. [6]  The  screw  consists of a narrow inclined plane wrapped around a  cylinder . [6] The term may also refer to a specific implementation; a straight ramp cut into a steep hillside for transporting goods up and down the hill. It may include cars on rails or pulled up by a cable system; a  funicular  or  cable railway , such as the  Johnstown Inclined Plane .

8. INCLINED PLANE-EXAMPLES SLIDE SCATING ALLEY

9. WEDGE A  wedge  is a  triangular  shaped tool, and is a portable  inclined plane , and one of the six classical  simple machines . It can be used to separate two objects or portions of an object, lift up an object, or hold an object in place. It functions by converting a  force  applied to its blunt end into forces perpendicular ( normal ) to its inclined surfaces. The  mechanical advantage  of a wedge is given by the ratio of the length of its slope to its width. [1] [2]  Although a short wedge with a wide angle may do a job faster, it requires more force than a long wedge with a narrow angle.

10. WEDGE-EXAMPLES AXE STOPPER KNIFE

11. PULLEY A  pulley  is a  wheel  on an  axle  or  shaft  that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable, supporting shell is referred to as a "block." A pulley may also be called a  sheave  or  drum  and may have a  groove  or grooves between two  flanges  around its  circumference . The drive element of a pulley system can be a  rope ,  cable ,  belt , or  chain  that runs over the pulley inside the groove or grooves. Hero of Alexandria  identified the  pulley  as one of six  simple machines  used to lift weights. [1]  Pulleys are assembled to form a  block and tackle  in order to provide  mechanical advantage  to apply large forces. Pulleys are also assembled as part of  belt  and  chain drives  in order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to another. [2] [3]

12. PULLEY-EXAMPLES WELL CRANE

13. WHEEL & AXLE The  wheel and axle  is one of six  simple machines  identified by Renaissance scientists drawing from Greek texts on technology. [1]  The wheel and axle consists of a  wheel  attached to a smaller  axle  so that these two parts rotate together in which a force is transferred from one to the other. A  hinge  or  bearing  supports the axle, allowing rotation. It can amplify force; a small force applied to the periphery of the large wheel can move a larger load attached to the axle. Greek philosophers such as  Hero of Alexandria  first identified the wheel and axle as one of the simple machines used to lift weights. [2]  This is thought to have been in the form of the  windlass  which consists of a crank or  pulley  connected to a cylindrical barrel that provides mechanical advantage to wind up a rope and lift a load such as a bucket from the well. [3] The wheel and axle can be viewed as a version of the  lever , with a drive force applied tangentially to the perimeter of the wheel and a load force applied to the axle, respectively, that are balanced around the hinge which is the fulcrum. The  mechanical advantage  of the wheel and axle is the ratio of the distances from the fulcrum to the applied loads, or what is the same thing the ratio of the diameter of the wheel and axle. [4]  A major application is in  wheeled vehicles , in which the wheel and axle are used to reduce  friction  of the moving vehicle with the ground. Other examples of devices which use the wheel and axle are  capstans ,  belt drives  and  gears .

14. WHEEL & AXLE-EXAMPLES FERRIS WHEEL BICYCLE SCATE BOARD

15. SCREW A  screw  is a type of  fastener , sometimes similar to a  bolt  (see  Differentiation between bolt and screw  below), typically made of metal, and characterized by a  helical  ridge, known as a  male thread  (external thread) or just  thread .

16. SCREW-EXAMPLES SCREW THREADS NUT

17. RAWID GOSHAN IS SIGNING OUT FROM BYE!!!!!!!