simplified presentation BLOOD GROUPS.pptx

this is Blood Groups presentation simplified in series of parts. This is part A of series presentation on the topic

1. BLOOD GROUPS A

2. Blood Groups  Prepared by Mr.Yeung BIO30S http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/ Blood types were discovered…  • Discovered by Karl Landsteiner • Won Nobel Prize 1930 • Why is finding out your blood type important? • But now … • How did he discover them? http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/ What he did…  • He had a bunch of different vials of blood 1 2 3 4 And then he just mixed them together http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/

3. Like so…  1 2 2 4 What about? It CLUMPED too! It CLUMPED! http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/ So… what do you think..?  1 4 1 3 What about…? No Clumping eh? What the?? CLUMPING? http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/ So what do we have?  • We have some that clump. • And some that don’t clump. 1 2 3 4 http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/ What he found was…  • Clumping was due to an immune response caused by antibodies • There were antibodies that were specific to some certain type of blood, which caused the clumping • He then found out the antigens (A & B) on the surface of the red blood cells stimulated the antibody response • He classified the 4 blood types A, B, AB, O http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/ http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/

4. A  B AB So what he found was O No antigens for antibodies to bind Antigens Either one can bind Antibody http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/ So what he found was  Antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Antibodies that were specific to the antigens The combination of both causes CLUMPING! Or agglutination http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/

5. Blood types  • What does it mean to have different blood types? • Defined by the type of antigens (foreign stuff or anything that triggers WBC to take action) attached • If I have type A blood, I have “A” antigen • If I have type B blood, I have “B” antigen • If I have type AB blood, I have both“A + B” antigen • If I have type O blood, I have No antigen http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/

6. Blood types  • Other than the antigens (bad guys that cause an immune response (antibodies to take action) • You also have antibodies (good guys – seeks out the antigens) • The antibody acts as “special police” in our blood stream and binds on to anything that they are specific to. • So an antibody B will stop and bind to B antigens and antibody A will stop and bind to A antigens http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umyeungr/ A  B AB So what he found was O No antigens for antibodies to bind Antigens Either one can bind Antibody