EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 2Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Common‐Gate Stage
•Common‐gate stage is similar to common ‐base stage:
a rise in input causes a rise in output. So the gain is
positive.
vmD
A
gR
=
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 3Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Signal Levels in CG Stage
•In order to maintain M1 in saturation, the signal
swing at V
out
cannot fall below V
b
‐V
TH
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 4Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
I/O Impedances of CG Stage
•The input and output impedances of CG stage are
similar to those of CB stage.
out D
RR
=
1
in
m
R
g
=
0
λ
=
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 5Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
CG Stage with Source Resistance
•When a source resistance is present, the voltage gain is equal
to that of a CS stage with degeneration, only positive.
1
1
1
1
11
m
Xin
S
m
out xm
vmD
xin
S
m
mD D
mS
S
m
g
vv
R
g
vv g
AgR
vv
R
g
gR R
gR
R
g
=
+
==
+
==
+
+
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 6Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Generalized CG Behavior
•When a gate resistance is present it does not affect the gain
and I/O impedances since there is no potential drop across it
(at low frequencies).
•The output impedance of a CG stage with source resistance is
identical to that of CS stage with degeneration.
(
)
1
outm O S O
RgrRr
=
++
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 7Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Example of CG Stage
•Diode‐connected M2 acts as a resistor to provide the
bias current.
()
1
12
1
outm D
inm m S
vgR
vggR
=
++
111
2
1
|| ||
out m OS O D
m Rg
rRrR
g
⎡⎤⎛⎞
≈+⎢⎥⎜⎟
⎢⎥⎝⎠ ⎣⎦
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 8Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
CG Stage with Biasing
•R
1
and R
2
provide gate bias voltage, and R
3
provides a
path for DC bias current of M
1
to flow to ground.
(
)
()3
3
|| 1/
|| 1/
m out
mD
in m G
Rg v
g
R
vR gR
=⋅
+
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 9Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Source Follower Stage
1
v
A
<
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 10 Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Source Follower Core
•Similar to the emitter follower, the source follower
can be analyzed as a resistor divider.
||
1
||
out O L
in
OL
m
vrR
v
rR
g
=
+
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 11 Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Source Follower Example
•In this example, M
2
acts as a current source.
12
12
1
||
1
||
OO
v
OO
m
rr
A
rr
g
=
+
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 12 Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Output Resistance of Source Follower
•The output impedance of a source follower is relatively
low, whereas the input impedance is infinite (at low
frequencies); thus, a good candidate as a buffer.
11
|| || ||
outO LL
mm
R
rR R
gg
=≈
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 13 Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Source Follower with Biasing
•R
G
sets the gate voltage to V
DD
, whereas R
S
sets the
drain current
•The quadratic equation above can be solved for I
D
()
2
1
2
DnoxDDDSTH
W
ICVIRV
L
μ
=−−
EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 19, Slide 14 Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley
Supply‐Independent Biasing
•If R
s
is replaced by a current source, drain current I
D
becomes independent of supply voltage.