Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.pptx

role of sir sayed ahmed khan in sub continent

1. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Aligarh Movement

2. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Father Mir Muttaqi Mother Aziz-un- Nisa Maternal Grand Father Khawaja Farid - ud -din Khawaja Farid - ud -din had twice served as Prime Minister of Mughal Emperor and held trustworthy position under the East India Company.

3. Early Life Of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan 1817-1898 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was born at Delhi on October 17, 1817. This is the period when the great Mughal Empire was close to a complete collapse. Sir Syed’s family had already joined the East India Company and his maternal grandfather served in Iran and Burma under the British government. Sir Syed got interest in English from his maternal family. S.M Ikram writes, “For this insight into the  affairs  of the state and first contacts with Western learning and civilization he was indebted to his maternal grandfather.”

4. 1839: He joined comissioner office as Deputy registrar. 1841: Became Subjudge in fatehpur 1855: Posted in Bijnor 1858: Promoted as sadar -us- Sudoor 1867: Judge of lower court 1869: went to England with his son (17 months stay) He studied System of Education in England Collected material to write Khutbat -e- Ahmadia 1876: Retired and permanently settled in Aligarh

5. Educational Services of Sir Syed After the War of Independence , Sayyid Ahmad Khan grew more and more convinced that existence and survival of Muslims of India mainly depend on: Better relationship with the English. On acquiring western education and avoiding politics. In his opinion, cure for all kind of sufferings and difficulties facing the Muslims lay only in western education, therefore he urged the nation to adopt "education and only education” as its motto.

6. The Muslims of India, prior to Sayyid’s appeal avoided sending their children to English schools for various solid reasons. They were fearful that their children might deviate from religion under the influence of western education. The Hindus took full advantage of the new situation and proceeded to acquire western education with utmost zeal and zest. This state of affairs compelled Sayyid Ahmad Khan to take upon himself the daunting task of convincing and persuading the Muslims to get this education.

7. Committee formed for Educational Uplift Sir Syed wanted to know the reasons behind Muslims not sending their children to government schools. Keeping this problem in view Sir Syed formed a committee for educational uplifting in Banaras. The committee arrived at the conclusion that in order to attract the Muslim Youth, there was an urgent need of opening academic institutions free from governmental influence where they could also get their own religious education as well.

8. Therefore a committee was formed to collect funds needed to establish such an institution. Sayyid Ahmad Khan was appointed he life secretary of this committee. This proposed Muslim educational institution was decided to be established in Aligarh in 1873.

9. Establishment of Educational Institutions Establishment Of First School In Muradabad (1859): In 1859, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan set up a school for Muslims in Muradabad where English, Persian, Islamiat , Arabic, Urdu were compulsory subjects. School in Ghazipur (1862): In 1862, Sir Syed was transferred from Muradabad to Ghazipur where he established another school for Muslims. Here, also the English, Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Islamiat were compulsory subjects.

10. Scientific Society Ghazipur 1864: In 1864, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan laid the foundation of a scientific society at Ghazipur . The purpose of this society was to translate the English books into Urdu language. But, later on, in 1866, after his transfer to Aligarh, the main office of the scientific society was also transferred to Aligarh.

11. Aligarh Institute Gazette (1866): In 1866, the scientific society issued a journal named as Aligarh Institute Gazette. This journal was published both in Urdu and English languages. The aim of this journal was to wash away the misconception between Muslims and British government and brought them close to each other.

12. Tehzib -ul- Akhlauqe 24 th December 1870. Main Purpose: To make Muslims a Civilized Nation. To Clear doubts about Islam created by European writers. To teach Muslims Social manners. It popularized the words Nation, National Interest.

13. M.A.O School, Aligarh Inaugurated on May 24, 1875 Henry Siddons an Oxford graduate was appointed as headmaster . In the beginning the M.A.O school offered courses in Arabic, Persian, English, Mathematics, History and Geography.

14. M.A.O College After Two years school was upgraded to College in 1877. It was not an easy task to run a college. In its initial stages , besides facing severe financial constraints, it had to confront stiff opposition from a section of Muslim Community. From the very start, the college laid special emphasis on religious education.

15. Attendance was registered at daily prayers and no one can get promotion to the next class without passing the examination in Diniyat . All boarders had to fast in Ramazan . Numerous societies and clubs were setup in the college. The first of its kind was Siddon’s Club established on August 26, 1884 on pattern of Cambridge University. It was meant to hold discussions, debates and speech-contests.

16. Both students and teachers participated in these debates and speech contests. In 1880, another society Anjuman Alfarz came into existence at the request of Sahibzada Aftab Ahmad Khan. It had two main objectives: To help remove the existing prejudices amongst the Muslim public about the College . To help the needy students.

17. All-India Mohammadan Educational Conference In order to create educational awareness among all the Muslims of India, he laid the foundation of All India Muhammadan Educational Conference. Sir Syed was of the view that taking part in politics would be extremely harmful for the national interests of the Muslims. He therefore urged them to remain away from the Indian National Congress and concentrate on getting modern education.

18. It is noteworthy that the meetings of Indian National Congress and Muhammadan Edu Conf were held on similar dates so that the Muslims could easily distance themselves from politics.

19. Although the AIMEC was a non-political organization yet anything delivered from its platform was readily claimed as unified demand of the Muslims of the Sub-continent. Sayyid ahmad delivered his anti-congress speech from its pulpit and the first ever political organistaion of the Muslims-ALL-India Muslim League- used its launching pad.

20. Anjuman e Tarraqi Urdu One branch of the conference devoted itself for the development and preservation of Urdu Language.

21. Political Services of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Sir Syed advised Muslims of India to stay away from the political activities temporarily because they have had no modern and political education at that time. The Hindus had established “Congress” and had very sharp political knowledge which could be helpful for them in crushing the Muslims very easily. He forbade the Muslims to join Congress since he knew that Hindus will never be of the same interests as that of Muslims. He put stress on acquiring modern and political education before getting into politics

22. Muslim-British Relations After the War of Independence, the relationship of Muslims and British Government was in deadly tarnished. Sir Syed knew the only way of revival of Muslims was to maintain the relationship with British Government and wining their trust. In this respect he wrote a magazine “ Rasala -e- Asbab -e- Baghawat -e-Hind. In which he explained that not only the Muslims were responsible for the War of Independence but also Hindus and other nations involved and this was backed by ill-measured government policies.

23. Loyal Muhammadans of India In 1866 he formed British Indian Association at Aligarh with the objective of expressing grievances of Indian-Muslims before British Government. In this course he wrote “ Loyal Muhammadans of India” a detailed article accounted for the services which were rendered by loyal Muslims to British Government

24. Religious services   Sir Syed started writing, ‘Commentary on the Holy Bible’ a pamphlet that discussed the similarities between Christianity and Islam. • ‘ Jila’al - Qulub bi Zikr al- Mahbub ’, was the first religious writing of Sir Syed, it contained a biography of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). • By his writing, he also tried to guide Muslims that they shouldn’t perform Bid’dah and Shirk. • He also wrote, Tuhfa - i -Hasan, that was a translation of a Persian book's two chapters written by Shah Abdul Aziz. In this book, Sir Syed shared his views on Shiism. • He started writing another pamphlet, named ‘Food laws of people of The Book'. In this pamphlet, he explained to Muslims that Islam doesn't forbid them from eating with Christians.