Sistem_Rangka_ANATOMI_FISOLOGI_HISTOLOGI.pptx

Sistem_Rangka_ANATOMI_FISOLOGI_HISTOLOGI

1. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Sistem Rangka

2. Apa fungsi system rangka ? Penyokong tubuh Pelindung organ dalam Alat gerak pasif Penyimpanan mineral dan lemak Pembentukan sel darah merah

3. Sistem rangka Tulang /Bones ( skeleton) Sendi Rawan Ligamen dan tendon Skeleton ( Yunani ) = tubuh kering Terlihat kering dan mati Termasuk jaringan hidup Jumlah tulang , bayi = 350, dewasa =206

4. Tulang berdasarkan bentuk Slide 5.4c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.1

5. Kompak vs Bunga Karang Slide 5.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. Anatomi tulang Diafisis Shaft/ Seperti tongkat Tulang kompak Epifisis Ujung tulang Sebagian besar tulang spons

7. Struktur tulang panjang 1. Periosteum Bagian luar penutup diafisis Membran jaringan ikat berserat Sebagai perlekatan ke otot 2. Arteries Supplier sel-sel tulang

8. 3. Tulang rawan articular Penutup / pelapis epifisis Hyaline Mengurangi gesekan pada sendi 4. Ruang medullary Ruang pada diafisis Struktur berwarna kuning ( mostly lemak ) pada dewasa Struktur berwarna merah ( untuk pembentukan SDM) pada anak .

9. Perkembangan tulang Slide 5.13a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epifisis tumbuh selama periode anak ( Awalnya ) sebagian besar berupa t ulang rawan Tulang rawan mengalami osifikasi Tulang rawan dihancurkan Tl sejati menggantikan rawan

10. Kenapa skeleton pada bayi mostly berupa hyaline? Apa itu sinus pada tengkorak ? Apa fungsinya ? Kapan pemanjangan / pembesaran tulang berhenti ? Apakah tulang mengalami regenerasi secara rutin ? Apakah kerusakan tulang dapat disembuhkan ? Things to discuss

11. Tipe-tipe sel tulang sejati Slide 5.15 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Osteosit Sel tulang dewasa Osteoblas Bakal osteosit , dibentuk dari arah luar permukaan tulang Osteoklas Sel tulang tua , akan dihancurkan Struktur diurai dan digunakan untuk bahan baku osteoblast Diurai dari arah dalam

12. Proses pertumbuhan tulang Slide 5.14a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.4a

13. Kerusakan tulang ( Fraktur ) Slide 5.17 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 5.2

14. Lepas sendi

15. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Slide 5.19 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.5

16. Slide 5.18 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hematoma dibentuk Insersi fibrocartilage membentuk jaringan lembut Pertumbuhan jaringan darah di daerah hematoma Fibrocartilage digantikan bakal jaringan tulang Osifikasi membentuk tulang tetap ( permanen )

17. Skeletal System

18. Rangka utama ( Axial Skeleton) Slide 5.20b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.6

19. Tengkorak (28 tulang ) (18 nama !) Slide 5.21a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tengkorak ( 8 tulang ) Tulang wajah ( 14 tulang ) Hanya mandibular yang dapat digerakkan

20. Slide 5.21a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tengkorak ( 8 tulang ) Frontal Parietal x 2 Temporal x 2 Oksipital Sphenoid Ethmoid

21. Tengkorak 206 - 8 = 198 lagi …

22. Slide 5.21a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tulang wajah ( 14 tulang ) Mandibula Maxilla x 2 Palatine x 2 Zygomatic x 2 Lacrimal x 2 Nasal x 2 Conchae/nasal inferior x 2 Vomer

23. Palatine atau maxilla gagal bersatu .

24. 198 - 14 = 184 lagi …

25. Tulang hyoid Slide 5.26 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Berbentuk U Di bagian atas leher Tidak terhubung dengan tulang lain Berfungsi dasar pergerakan lidah Figure 5.12

26. Tulang-tulang pendengaran Malleus (hammer) Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirrup)

27. 184 - 4 = 180 lagi…

28. Tulang belakang Slide 5.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.14

29. 180 - 26 = 154 lagi …!

30. Tulang rongga dada Slide 5.31a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.19a

31. 154 - 24 tl rusuk -1 tl dada = 129 lagi ….!!!

32. The Appendicular Skeleton Slide 5.32b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.6c

33. Gelang bahu Slide 5.34a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.20a, b

34. Anngota gerak atas ( humerus ) Slide 5.35a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.21a, b

35. Anggota gerak atas (radius-ulna) Slide 5.35b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.21c

36. Carpal, metacarpal dan jari-jari Slide 5.36 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.22

37. Gelang pinggul Slide 5.38a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.23a

38. Gelang pinggul , male vs female Slide 5.39 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.23c

39. Anggota gerak bawah (femur) Slide 5.40a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.35a, b

40. Tempurung lutut

41. Slide 5.40b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.35c Anggota gerak bawah (tibia-fibula)

42. Tarsal, metatarsal dan jari-jari Slide 5.41 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.25

43. Sendi Slide 5.43 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sambungan antar tulang Fungsi Menyatukan tulang Memberi fleksibilitas Dikelompokkan atas Fungsinya Strukturnya

44. Berdasarkan fungsi Slide 5.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Synarthrosis – Tanpa gerak Amphiarthrosis – sedikit gerak Diarthrosis – bergerak bebas

45. Berdasarkan struktur Slide 5.45 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Jaringan ikat padat Umumnya tanpa gerak Tulng rawan Sedikit atau tidak sama sekali Sinovial Bergerak bebas

46. Jaringan ikat padat Slide 5.46 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Synarthrosis , hampir tanpa gerak Figure 5.27d, e

47. Tulang rawan – amphiarthrosis Slide 5.47 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.27b, c

48. Sinovial Slide 5.48 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.27f–h

49. Penyakit sendi Slide 5.53 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bursitis – radang kantong sendi , biasanya karena blow atau friction Tendonitis – radang selaput tendon Arthritis – radang atau degeneratif sendi Osteoarthitis , penuaan Rheumaoid , radang karena serangan system imum Gouty = asam urat