Siwalik hills and their formation

Siwalik hills and their formation

1. Palaeontology Assignment Topic Brief History Of Siwaliks Submitted To Dr. Muhammad Tariq Submitted By Tayyab Roll Number 869/023808 Program B.S. 4 Years Degree Program Discipline Zoology Semester 7 th Semester Session 2017-2021 Government College Of Science Wahdat Road, Lahore

2. Contents: 1) Definition of siwaliks 2) Names of siwaliks 3) Location of siwaliks 4) Map 5) Orogensis of siwaliks 6) Siwaliks in Pakistan 7) Division of siwaliks 8) References

3. Definition of siwaliks :  The outermost range of the Himalayas is called the Outer Himalayas or Siwaliks. The word “Siwalik" literally means “tresses of Shiva” “Long Hairs of shiva “.

4. Names of siwaliks: The name Siwaliks introduced for sub-Himalayan rocks by Medlicott in 1864. Shivalik Hills is known as "Manak Parbat" in ancient times Churia Hills Outer Himalaya

5. Location of siwaliks: Pakistan India Nepal Bhutan

6. Map:

7. Orogensis of siwaliks: The process of formation of siwaliks is known as Orogensis of siwaliks.

8. Siwaliks in Pakistan: The siwaliks deposition in Pakistan are well exposed on Potowar Plateau displaying a folded belt extending from Salt Range in south Margala Hills in north Jhelum River in the east Indus River on the west

9. The siwaliks Hills in Pakistan are comprised of the area of the Potwar Plateau and Sub-Himalayan that are particularly well exposed in Potwar Plaateau in vertical and horizontal sections. The Potwar Siwaliks document most diverse, continuous and longest array of terrestrial and freshwater records of fossils mainly comprising of Neogen mammalian remains in the world. Hence these deposits provide an excellent laboratory for studying biochronostaratigraphy, palaeoecology and paleaeoclimatology.

10. Division of siwaliks On the basis of biostratigraphy,siwalik hills are divided into following three sub-groups. Lower Siwaliks Middle Siwaliks Upper Siwaliks

11. References: Encyclopaedia Britannica’s Outer Himalayas, Shiwalik Hills, Shiwalik Range, Siwalik Hills, Sub-Himalayas . Notes by Dr. Muhammad Tariq Department of Zoology, Government College of Science,Lahore www.slidshare.com