Skeletomuscular system

Structure, function and control of the skeletomuscular system

1. Skeltomuscular system Roger Watson Twitter: @rwatson1955

2. Skeletomuscular system The skeletomuscular system is composed of the skeleton and the skeletal muscles which work together to provide posture and movement. Composed of: Bone Muscle Controlled by the nervous system

3. Bozeman biology You Tube link The skeletal system

4. Bone Bone is composed of protein and minerals (calcium phosphate)

5. Bone Bone is composed of protein and minerals (calcium phosphate) NB: bones are ‘alive’ – they have a blood supply and contain bone cells

6. Bone Bones is composed of protein and minerals (calcium phosphate) NB: bones are ‘alive’ – they have a blood supply and contain bone cells Bone marrow is the site of blood production

7. The skeleton Composed of 206 bones in an adult Infant skeleton has >300

8. The skeleton Composed of 206 bones in an adult Infant skeleton has >300 Divided into: Axial skelton Appendicular skeleton

9. Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

10. Axial skeleton Composed of: Skull Vertebral column Ribs

11. Skull The skull is comprised of 22 bones

12. Vertebral column The vertebral column is composed of: 26 vertebrae Sacrum (5 fused) Coccyx (3-5 fused)

13. Front

14. Appendicular skeleton Composed of: Shoulder Pelvis Limbs

15. Movement in skeleton (articulation) As you trace the skeleton from proximal to distal you find greater articulation

16. Movement in skeleton (articulation) As you trace the skeleton from proximal to distal you find greater articulation: Limited in axial skeleton Greater in appendicular skeleton Greatest in the hands and fingers

17. Joints (articulations) Allow articulation between bones Three groups of joints: Fibrous (fixed) Cartilaginous (slightly movable) Synovial (freely movable)

18. Joints (articulations) Fibrous (fixed): eg between sutures of the skull Cartilaginous (slightly movable): eg between the vertebrae Synovial (freely movable): eg elbow, knee, shoulder

19. Synovial joints Hinge: eg elbow Pivot: eg radio-ulnar Condylar: eg knee Ball & socket: eg hip and shoulder Plane: eg carpals and tarsals

20. Synovial joints Bones are connected by LIGAMENTS

21. Ligaments in the knee joint

22. Cruciate ligaments in the knee joint

23. Joints movements Gliding Angular Circular

24. Joints movements Angular: Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Circular: Circumduction Pronation Supination

25. Bozeman biology You Tube link The muscular system

26. Skeletal muscle Also known as ‘striated’ or ‘striped’ muscle due to its appearance under the microscope.

27. Skeletal muscle Also known as ‘striated’ or ‘striped’ muscle due to its appearance under the microscope. Individual muscle cells are known as ‘muscle fibres’

28. Skeletal muscle Also known as ‘striated’ or ‘striped’ muscle due to its appearance under the microscope. Individual muscle cells are known as ‘muscle fibres’ Muscle fibres are gathered in bundles that form individual muscles

29. TENDONS: connect bone to muscle

30. Skeletal muscle microstructure The contractile units of muscle, which give it the striated appearance, are composed of two proteins: Actin Myosin

31. Skeletal muscle microstructure The contractile units of muscle, which give it the striated appearance are composed of two proteins: Actin Myosin Movement of these two proteins relative to one another lead to: contraction

32. Skeletal muscle microstructure The contractile units of muscle, which give it the striated appearance are composed of two proteins: Actin Myosin Movement of these two proteins relative to one another lead to: contraction Contraction is a chemical process involving energy in the form of ATP

33. ENERGY is used in this process

34. Stimulation of muscle contraction Under control of the central nervous system via the motor system of the peripheral nervous system

35. Stimulation of muscle contraction Under control of the central nervous system via the motor system of the peripheral nervous system Electrical signals from the nervous system are transmitted to the muscle The signals are conveyed from the nervous system to the muscle at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

36. Stimulation of muscle contraction Under control of the central nervous system via the motor system of the peripheral nervous system Electrical signals from the nervous system are transmitted to the muscle The signals are conveyed from the nervous system to the muscle at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION Electrical activity in neuron is conveyed to muscle chemically by acetylcholine

37. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION Acetylcholine Nerve signal MUSCLE Electrical activity

38. Stimulation of muscle contraction Under control of the central nervous system via the motor system of the peripheral nervous system Electrical signals from the nervous system are transmitted to the muscle The signals are conveyed from the nervous system to the muscle at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION Electrical activity in neuron is conveyed to muscle chemically by acetylcholine Electrical activity leads to muscle contraction

39. Muscles and movement Skeletal muscles are intimately associate with the bones of the skeleton

40. Muscles and movement Skeletal muscles are intimately associate with the bones of the skeleton Skeletal muscles have: An origin An insertion

41. Origin Insertion

42. Muscles and movement Skeletal muscles are intimately associate with the bones of the skeleton Skeletal muscles have: An origin An insertion Muscles work in opposing groups to effect movement and maintain posture eg Biceps Triceps

43. bicep tricep

44. Triceps contracted Biceps relaxed Triceps relaxed Biceps contracted

45. Skeletomuscular system The skeletomuscular system is composed of the skeleton and the skeletal muscles which work together to provide posture and movement. Composed of: Bone Muscle Controlled by the nervous system

46. Questions What four tissues does a long bone consist of? How many bones are there in the adult skeleton? What are the two major divisions of the skeleton and which mineral is found in bones? Name two parts of the axial skeleton and two parts of the appendicular skeleton. Excluding the jaws and other small bones, name the four largest bones of the skull that enclose the cranium. In addition to the coccyx, what are the four regions of the spine, in order, from the top?

47. Questions 6. What does a joint do and name the three types? 7. In addition to the hinge joint, name four other types of synovial joint. 8. What are the four movements of an angular joint? 9. Name the three types of muscle; which one is also described as 'striped' or 'striated'? 10. What are the two types of contractile protein and where are they contained? What is used in the process of contraction? 11. Describe what happens at a neuromuscular junction.

48. Questions 12. What are the ends of a skeletal muscle called where it joins to the skeleton?  What joins the muscle to the bone and what is it made of? 13. Which two muscles of the arm control the movement of the lower arm? How would you describe the relative position of these muscles and which one is responsible for extending the arm?

49. [email protected] Four things about…(a simple approach to anatomy and physiology) Special Senses [email protected] Four things about…(a simple approach to anatomy and physiology) The skeletomuscular system