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1. Presented by –
sabbir ahamed
WELCOME
Topic :Optical Isomerism

2. Isomerism
Two or more compounds consist of equal
number of atoms . This compound have the
same molecular formula but differ from each
other in physical or chemical properties , and are
called isomers and the phenomenon is called
isomerism .

3. Classification of Isomerism
Isomerism

4. Structural isomerism classification
Chain
Functional
TautomerismMetamerism
Position

5. Stereoisomerism
Optical

6. An optically active compound can exist in two isomeric forms which
rotate the plane-polarized light in opposite direction . These are called
isomers and the phenomenon is known as Optical Isomerism.
Properties of Optical Isomerism :
1. Optical isomerism is caused by a lack of symmetry in a molecule’s
structure so that the molecule and its mirror image are actually different
2. like a left hand and a right hand
3 . They are non-superimposable

Optical Isomerism

7. * The two different forms are known
as optical isomers or Enantiomers
* They occur when molecules have a
Chiral centre
* A chiral centre contains an asymmetric
carbon atom
* An asymmetric carbon has four
different atoms (or groups)arranged
tetrahedrally around it.
Occurence of Optical isomerism

8. ♦
Stereoisomers are said to be optically active if the rotate plane polarized light .

♦
Each type of enantiomer rotates light the same amount, but in different directions.

♦
Amount and direction of rotation must be experimentally determined using a polarimeter .

♦
The amount of rotation depends on
-Length of sample tube
-Concentration of enantiomers

♦
Both isomers present, rotation cancels out called recimic mixer .
Optical Activity

9. Optical activity :
Optical Activity
12/18/15

10. Tartaric acid show optical isomerism. It contains Two asymmetric carbon
atom. Four forms of tartaric acid are known .Two of them optically active
and two are optically inactive.

Tartaric Acid :

11. Lactic acid is an optical isomer and it contains one asymmetric carbon atom .Three forms
of lactic acid are known . Two are optically active and third is optically inactive .

D-lactic acid L-lactic acid
Lactic Acid :

12. Optical activity is common in biochemistry and
pharmaceuticals.
* Most amino acids exhibit optical activity
* Many drugs must be made of one optical isomer to
be effective
- Need smaller doses (safer and cost effective)
- Get reduced side effects
- Improved pharmacological activity
Importance of Optical Isomerism :

13. THank you ALL