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OER

1. GEOGRAPHY GRADE 12 Term 3 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Anele Mdluli 223104581

2. concepts

3. Informal settlements Informal Settlements are areas where housing has been constructed without formal approval or regulation, often characterized by inadequate infrastructure and services.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS Unplanned and Unregulated Inadequate Infrastructure Vulnerable locations High population density Economic and Social challenges Insecurity of Tenure

5. Challenges and Solutions: Challenges: Poor living conditions, crime, lack of access to essential services, and exposure to environmental hazards. Solutions: Governments and NGOs work on upgrading informal settlements by providing better infrastructure, housing, and services through programs like the Upgrading of Informal Settlements Programme (UISP) in South Africa.