阅读题型 雅思基本介绍 - 阅读篇 题型分类 标题题 List of Headings 配对 which paragraph contains Sentence ending Match statements classify 摘要 With a list of words without a list of words 判断 T/F/NG Y/N/NG 简答 Short-answer questions Sentence completion 选择 Choose the correct letter Which two/three/four 图表流程 Table Diagram Flow-chart
阅读 技能学习 1 :利用特定信息辅助文章理解 练习 ④ Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark.They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers. Bats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their *prey in the absence of light. Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Deep-sea fish and whales have little or no light by day or by night. Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water. Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible. *prey : an animal that a creature hunts and eats in order to live Let’go, bats Adaptations for Navigating and Hunting in Darkness Bats and other animals have evolved to navigate and hunt in darkness, adapting to environments where vision is limited or non-existent. ① ② ③ ⑤ ⑥
阅读 技能学习 1 :利用特定信息辅助文章理解 练习 ④ T he Challenge of Night Hunting for Bats Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark.They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers. Overcoming Darkness Bats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their *prey in the absence of light. Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Deep-sea fish and whales have little or no light by day or by night. Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water. Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible. *prey : an animal that a creature hunts and eats in order to live Let’go, bats Adaptations for Navigating and Hunting in Darkness Bats and other animals have evolved to navigate and hunt in darkness, adapting to environments where vision is limited or non-existent. ① ② ③ ⑤ ⑥ A. 将以下信息与数字① -⑦ 匹配 。 a. 正文 b. 脚注 c. 大标题 d. 引言 e. 副 标题 f. 插图 g. 小标题 ⑦
阅读 技能学习 1 :利用特定信息辅助文章理解 练习 ④ T he Challenge of Night Hunting for Bats Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark.They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers. Overcoming Darkness Bats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their *prey in the absence of light. Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Deep-sea fish and whales have little or no light by day or by night. Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water. Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible. *prey : an animal that a creature hunts and eats in order to live Let’go, bats Adaptations for Navigating and Hunting in Darkness Bats and other animals have evolved to navigate and hunt in darkness, adapting to environments where vision is limited or non-existent. ① ② ③ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ B. 尝试思考以下问题。 1. 通过阅读 文章的大标题 和图片,你知道这篇文章在谈论什么生物吗? 2. 通过阅读文章标题下的引言,你能进一步说说本文讨论的主题吗? 3. ‘ prey ’ 这个单词是什么意思?
阅读 技能学习 1 :利用特定信息辅助文章理解 练习 ④ Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark.They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers. Bats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their *prey in the absence of light. Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Deep-sea fish and whales have little or no light by day or by night. Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water. Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible. *prey : an animal that a creature hunts and eats in order to live Let’go, bats Adaptations for Navigating and Hunting in Darkness Bats and other animals have evolved to navigate and hunt in darkness, adapting to environments where vision is limited or non-existent. ① ② ③ ⑤ ⑥ B. 尝试思考以下问题。 1. 通过阅读 文章的大标题 和图片,你知道这篇文章在谈论什么生物吗? 2. 通过阅读文章标题下的引言,你能进一步说说本文讨论的主题吗? 3. ‘ prey ’ 这个单词是什么意思?
阅读 技能学习 2 :通过定位寻找细节信息 练习 1 The effects of light on plant and animal species Light is important to organisms for two different reasons. Firstly, it is used as a cue for the timing of daily and seasonal rhythms in both plants and animals, and secondly it is used to assist growth in plants. The breeding season of some plants can be delayed to extraordinary lengths. Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die (Evans 1976). Every bamboo of the species Chusquea abietifolio on the island of Jamaica flowered, set seed and died during 1884. The next generation of bamboo flowered and died between 1916 and 1918, which suggests a vegetative cycle of about 31 years. The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not yet known, but the adaptive significance is clear. The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds (in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimeters deep on the ground) is more than all the seed-eating animals can cope with at the time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976). The second reason light is important to organisms is that it is essential for photosynthesis. This is the process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soil or water into organic material for growth. The rate of photosynthesis in a plant can be measured by calculating the rate of its uptake of carbon. There is a wide range of photosynthetic responses of planes to variations in light intensity. Some plants reach maximal photosynthesis at one-quarter full sunlight, and others, like sugarcane, never reach a maximum, but continue to increase photosynthesis rate as light intensity rises. A. 根据文章的大标题,预判一下这篇文章的主题。 B. 请划出下列句子的定位词,并根据定位到的文中内容完成以下填空题。 1. Every bamboo of the species Chusquea abietifolio on the island of Jamaica______, set seed and_________during 1884. 2. The next generation of bamboo flowered and died between 1916 and 1918, which suggests a ________cycle of about 31 years. 3. The second reason light is important to _______is that it is essential for photosynthesis. 4. Some plants reach maximal photosynthesis at 1/4 full sunlight, and others, such as______, never reach a maximum, but continue to increase photosynthesis rate as light intensity rises.
Vocab Input utilize / ˈ ju ː .t ̬ ə l.a ɪ z/ v. to use something in an effective way 使用 ; 利用 ; 应用 generator / ˈ d ʒ en. ə r.e ɪ .t ̬ ɚ / n. a machine that produces electrical power 发生器 ; 发电机 flow v. to move in one direction 流动
irrigation / ˌ ɪ r. ə ˈɡ e ɪ . ʃə n/ n. the practice of supplying land with water so that crops and plants will grow 灌溉 lush /l ʌʃ / adj. A lush area has a lot of green, healthy plants, grass, and trees. 郁郁葱葱的,植被茂盛的 oasis /o ʊ ˈ e ɪ .s ɪ s/ a place in a desert where there is water and therefore plants and trees and sometimes a village or town 绿洲
练习 2 mirrors steam depressions irrigation At the moment, no one is proposing the creation of a solar power station the size of a small country. But a relatively well-developed technology exists, which proponents say could turn the Sahara's heat and sunlight into a major source of electricity-Concentrating Solar Power [CSP]. Unlike solar panels, which convert sunlight directly into electricity, CSP utilizes mirrors which focus light on water pipes or boilers to produce very hot steam to operate the turbines of generators . Small CSP plants have produced power in California's Mojave Desert since the 1980s. The Sahara Forest Project proposes building, CSP plants in areas below sea level [the Sahara has several such depressions]so that sea water can flow into them , This water would then be purified and used for powering turbines and washing dust off the mirrors. Waste water would then supply irrigation to areas around the stations, creating lush oases-hence the 'forest' in the group's name.
Vocab Input combat /k ɑː m.b æ t/ v. n. to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or increasing 与 … 战斗;与 … 作斗争;打击;制止 ethanol / ˈ eθ. ə .n ɑː l/ a chemical compound that is a type of alcohol 乙醇 substitute / ˈ s ʌ b.st ə .tu ː t/ n. a thing or person that is used instead of another thing or person 替代品,代替物
sequester /s ɪ ˈ kwes.t ɚ / v. 封存 double 翻一番,加一倍 e.g The government aims to double the number of students in higher education within 25 years. 政府计划在 25 年内使高校在校生人数翻一番。 Company profits have doubled since the introduction of new technology. 自从引进新技术后,公司的利润增加了一倍。 翻译练习:我们计划在未来五年内将销售额翻倍。 1. We plan to double our sales in the next five years. 2. We plan our sales will double in the next five years.
agricultural lands 10. Scientists say Russia and Kazakhstan could make a unique contribution to the fight against global warming by harvesting wild grasses that have overgrown 100,000 square miles of agricultural lands abandoned in the nineties,and using them to make ethanol-or,better yet,burn them in coal-fueled power plants 11. According to Nicolas Vuichard,principal author of a paper published in Environmental Science and Technology of Washington,DC,using the grasses to make ethanol would sequester in the ground,over 60 years,about 10 million tons of carbon a year-one-quarter as dead root matter in the soil and the rest in producing ethanol as a substitute for petroleum-based fuels.
agricultural lands ethanol coal-fueled 12. Study co-author Adam Wolf,of the Carnegie institution for Science at Stanford University,cites a study by Eliott Campbell in Science magazine that showed that burning grasses in a coal-fueled plant doubles the savings in carbon emissions compared to using the same grasses to make ethanol. 13. If biofuels are going to reduce emissions,using abandoned croplands to make electricity and offset coal use is our best bet,'he says.'Both of these countries have coal-fueled power plants,so the process could start soon!Thus,Russia and Kazakhstan are now in a position to become leaders in green energy,and could use the grasses to export clean electricity in addition to oil and gas,according to Mr Wolf.
技能应用 :笔记填空题 Bringing cinnamon to Europe 阅读理解与做题指导: 通过阅读文章的大标题和副标题,你能预判出这篇文章的主题是什么吗 ? 观察 笔记 , 关于 cinnamon 的历史,文中共介绍了哪几个时期 ? 分别对应文章的哪个部分? 真题练习 Questions 1-9 Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. The Early History of Cinnamon Biblical times: added to 1 __________ used to show 2 __________ between people Ancient Rome: used for its sweet smell at 3 __________ Middle Ages: added to food, especially meat was an indication of a person's 4 __________ known as a treatment for 5 __________ and other health problems grown in 6 __________ merchants used 7 __________ to bring it to the Mediterranean arrived in the Mediterranean at 8 __________ traders took it to 9 __________ and sold it to destinations around Europe
技能应用 :笔记填空题 Bringing cinnamon to Europe 阅读理解与做题指导: ③ 仔细审题,每个空格至多可填入多少个单词 ? 有没有涉及数字? ④ 空格 1&2 可以使用什么定位词 ? 定位 到 文章的 什么位置 ? 真题练习 Questions 1-9 Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. The Early History of Cinnamon Biblical times: added to 1 __________ used to show 2 __________ between people Ancient Rome: used for its sweet smell at 3 __________ Middle Ages: added to food, especially meat was an indication of a person's 4 __________ known as a treatment for 5 __________ and other health problems grown in 6 __________ merchants used 7 __________ to bring it to the Mediterranean arrived in the Mediterranean at 8 __________ traders took it to 9 __________ and sold it to destinations around Europe
技能应用 :根据题目要求选取合适的单词 Bringing cinnamon to Europe 阅读理解与做题指导: ⑤ 空格 1 需要填写哪种类型的词? 原文中哪个词符合空格 1 的要求? 空格 2 需要填写哪种类型的词? 原文中哪个词符合空格 2 的要求 ? 真题练习 The Early History of Cinnamon Biblical times: added to 1 __________ used to show 2 __________ between people Bringing cinnamon to Europe Cinnamon is a sweet, fragrant spice produced from the inner bark of trees of the genus Cinnamomum , which is native to the Indian sub-continent. It was known in biblical times, and is mentioned in several books of the Bible, both as an ingredient that was mixed with oils for anointing people's bodies, and also as a token indicating friendship among lovers and friends. In ancient Rome, mourners attending funerals burnt cinnamon to create a pleasant scent. Most often, however, the spice found its primary use as an additive to food and drink. In the Middle Ages, Europeans who could afford the spice used it to flavour food, particularly meat, and to impress those around them with their ability to purchase an expensive condiment from the 'exotic' East. At a banquet, a host would offer guests a plate with various spices piled upon it as a sign of the wealth at his or her disposal. Cinnamon was also reported to have health benefits, and was thought to cure various ailments, such as indigestion.
技能应用 :笔记填空题 Bringing cinnamon to Europe 阅读理解与做题指导: 按照以上的做题方法,继续完成接下来的题目吧! 真题练习 Cinnamon is a sweet, fragrant spice produced from the inner bark of trees of the genus Cinnamomum , which is native to the Indian sub-continent. It was known in biblical times, and is mentioned in several books of the Bible, both as an ingredient that was mixed with oils for anointing people's bodies, and also as a token indicating friendship among lovers and friends. In ancient Rome, mourners attending funerals burnt cinnamon to create a pleasant scent. Most often, however, the spice found its primary use as an additive to food and drink. In the Middle Ages, Europeans who could afford the spice used it to flavour food, particularly meat, and to impress those around them with their ability to purchase an expensive condiment from the 'exotic' East. At a banquet, a host would offer guests a plate with various spices piled upon it as a sign of the wealth at his or her disposal. Cinnamon was also reported to have health benefits, and was thought to cure various ailments, such as indigestion. Ancient Rome: used for its sweet smell at 3 __________ Middle Ages: added to food, especially meat was an indication of a person's 4 __________ known as a treatment for 5 __________ and other health problems grown in 6 __________ merchants used 7 __________ to bring it to the Mediterranean arrived in the Mediterranean at 8 __________ traders took it to 9 __________ and sold it to destinations around Europe 完成以下替换词整理 题号 题 目 词汇/ 短语 词性 词义 原文同义替换词 1 added v. 增加,添加 2 show v. 表明,证明
技能应用 :笔记填空题 Bringing cinnamon to Europe 阅读理解与做题指导: 按照以上的做题方法,继续完成接下来的题目吧! 真题练习 Toward the end of the Middle Ages, the European middle classes began to desire the lifestyle of the elite, including their consumption of spices. This led to a growth in demand for cinnamon and other spices. At that time, cinnamon was transported by Arab merchants, who closely guarded the secret of the source of the spice from potential rivals. They took it from India, where it was grown, on camels via an overland route to the Mediterranean. Their journey ended when they reached Alexandria. European traders sailed there to purchase their supply of cinnamon, then brought it back to Venice. The spice then travelled from that great trading city to markets all around Europe. Because the overland trade route allowed for only small quantities of the spice to reach Europe, and because Venice had a virtual monopoly of the trade, the Venetians could set the price of cinnamon exorbitantly high. These prices, coupled with the increasing demand, spurred the search for new routes to Asia by Europeans eager to take part in the spice trade. Ancient Rome: used for its sweet smell at 3 __________ Middle Ages: added to food, especially meat was an indication of a person's 4 __________ known as a treatment for 5 __________ and other health problems grown in 6 __________ merchants used 7 __________ to bring it to the Mediterranean arrived in the Mediterranean at 8 __________ traders took it to 9 __________ and sold it to destinations around Europe 完成以下替换词整理 题号 题 目 词汇/ 短语 词性 词义 原文同义替换词 3 smell n. 气味
技能应用 :笔记填空题 Bringing cinnamon to Europe 阅读理解与做题指导: 按照以上的做题方法,继续完成接下来的题目吧! 真题练习 Toward the end of the Middle Ages, the European middle classes began to desire the lifestyle of the elite, including their consumption of spices. This led to a growth in demand for cinnamon and other spices. At that time, cinnamon was transported by Arab merchants, who closely guarded the secret of the source of the spice from potential rivals. They took it from India, where it was grown, on camels via an overland route to the Mediterranean. Their journey ended when they reached Alexandria. European traders sailed there to purchase their supply of cinnamon, then brought it back to Venice. The spice then travelled from that great trading city to markets all around Europe. Because the overland trade route allowed for only small quantities of the spice to reach Europe, and because Venice had a virtual monopoly of the trade, the Venetians could set the price of cinnamon exorbitantly high. These prices, coupled with the increasing demand, spurred the search for new routes to Asia by Europeans eager to take part in the spice trade. Ancient Rome: used for its sweet smell at 3 __________ Middle Ages: added to food, especially meat was an indication of a person's 4 __________ known as a treatment for 5 __________ and other health problems grown in 6 __________ merchants used 7 __________ to bring it to the Mediterranean arrived in the Mediterranean at 8 __________ traders took it to 9 __________ and sold it to destinations around Europe 完成以下替换词整理 题号 题 目 词汇/ 短语 词性 词义 原文同义替换词 4 indication n. 表明,标示;显示,象征 5 treatment n. 治疗,疗法
综合练习 Comprehensive Practice 03
综合练习 A 文章见教材“综合练习”部分 Complete the flow-chart below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer. Honeybee 1 ……………..explore possible nest sites they perform what is known as a 2 ………………on their return other bees go out and report back enthusiasm and 3 ………………increase for one particular site a final choice is reached using a 4 ………………process How honeybees choose a new nest
综合练习 B Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. 1 What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate? 2 Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto land? 3 Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack? 4 Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled? 文章见教材“综合练习”部分