Slum Rehabilitation in Mumbai, how it stared , what were the reasons and how it flourished

Slum rehabilitation

1. SLU,
RI

ITATION

ART AY

2. BACKGROUND

Since beginning of 20" century slums existed in
Mumbai e.g. Dharavi, Matunga labour camp, ete.

Pre & Post independence people from all corners
of country came in search of job.

Mumbai was the only city of Employment
opportunity

Slum became the culture of Mumbai

3. APPROACH - I
1950-1970

> From 1950 to 1970 the approach was to remove the
slums and protect the land.

> The Influx of migrant labour was so huge therefore
the efforts to protect even private land proved
futile.

> Large Area of public land encroached by slums

4. APPROACH - II
1970-1990

+ Since the removal and control of slum proved futile
the humanitarian approach to recognise the slum was
consider.

+ The Maharashtra Slum Area (Improvement, Clearance
& Redevelopment) Act, 1971 came in existence.

+ Census of hutments carried out in 1976 and Identity
Card/Photo passes issued to Slum Families.

+ Basic amenities such as water, drainage, toilet,
pathways, street light were provided in slum area.

5. APPROACH - II
1970-1990

> Slum Up-gradation program was implemented
with World Bank assistance in mid 1980.

> Slum land given on lease of 30 yrs to the co-
operative society of slum dwellers at a nominal
lease rent.

> Soft loans for renovation of individual structures
on as is where is basis was provided.

> Redevelopment of slum dwellers was also
initiated in Dharavi under PMGP.

6. APPROACH - III
1991-1995

> Redevelopment of slums started under SRD by making pro

> Under DCR No. 33 (10) redevelopment of slum
through owners/ developers /co-operative housing
societies of slum dwellers/NGO was made
permissible for censused slum or slum dweller whose
name appeared in the Electoral Roll of 1985 with FSI
upto 2.5.

> The Scheme proved not effective.

7. APPROACH - IV
1995 Onwards

“A high power study group was formed by Govt.
popularly called AFZULPURKAR COMMITTEE
which recommended Slum Rehabilitation scheme.

+ Committee has estimated 80% slum rehabilitation is
possible in situ.

# Committee relies on philosophy that “if inequality has
to be removed there has to be unequal law” as giving
free tenements to slum dwellers is not supported by
housing philosophy but slum dwellers deserve this
preferential unequal treatment to bring them into
mainstream of social, cultural and economic fabric of
this pulsating city.

8. FACT FINDING OF
COMMITTEE

ıtments are integral part of Mumbai.

|+Slumsand

ibuted to the industrial, economic and commercial growth of M
mumbai always remain unaffordable since british time the

their standard of living, an authorized
unit is a first step in the right direction

9. Formation of
Slum Rehabilitation Authority

Government launched comprehensive Slum Rehabilitation
Scheme in December 1995 :

+ Using land as resource.

Slum rehabilitation tenements are provided free to slum

dwellers.

To cross subsidize the cost of Slum Rehabilitation
tenements, the incentive FSI is given for construction of

Tenements constructed in sale component are allowed to
be sold in open market.

10. CHALLENGES as on 1995

>Total 8 Lacs of Families staying in slum.
> Population staying in slum is about 40 Lacs.

» Rehabilitation of the above population as early as
possible.

11. Beery

IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHEME

>The Slum dwellers co-operative society “select” developer to
implement the scheme.

> Eligibility of Slum Dweller is 1.1.1995

» Such developer shall have 70% consent of Eligible Slum dwellers
family.

> The Project submitted by such developer with 70% consent is
admitted in the Slum Rehabilitation Authority.

>The proposal is scrutinized and if in order is accepted for further
process.

12. IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHEME

>The scheme is implemented in two part Rehab and Sale
Component.

>The Developer is allowed to construct sale component to meet
expenditure of rehab component and profit.

>The Eligible slum dwellers get 25.00 sq. mtr. tenement free of
cost.

>The Non-Eligible slum dwellers are removed from the land.

13. Types of Slum Rehabilitation Schemes

> In situ rehab -scheme - D.C.R 33(10)

PAP tenement scheme - D.C.R 33(10) clause 3.11

+ Permanent Transit Tenement -D.C.R 33(14)D
scheme

14. Types of Slum Rehabilitation Schemes

1. In-situ scheme -Under provisions of DCR 33(10)

Rehabilitation is done at site of slums.

15. Types of Slum Rehabilitation Schemes

2. PAP tenement scheme -Under provisions of D.C.R
33(10) clause 3.11

This scheme is meant for slum dwellers whose rehabilitation

is not possible in-situ due to physical constraints like vital

16. Types of Slum Rehabilitation Schemes

3. Permanent Transit Tenement Scheme -Under provisions of
D.C.R 33(14)D

Permanent Transit Tenement are constructed in situ by
giving incentive FSI.

17. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

Features...

> No financial involvement of the government.

> Slum dwellers get a self contained 25.00 sq.m. i.e. 269
sq. ft. (earlier 225 sq. ft) carpet area tenement free of
cost consisting of living room, kitchen/alcove and bed
room.

> Underlying land is the resource for the scheme.

> Cost of construction of the rehabilitation tenements is
cross-subsidized from the sale of free sale tenements in
the open market.

18. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

Features......

> The entity developing the slum rehabilitation scheme is
entitled to free sale component in proportion to the rehab
component.

> F.S.L upto 3 can be consumed for tenement density of 500
to 650 tenements per hector in situ , as against 1.33 / 1.00
FSI available for general sites.

> F.S.L upto 4 can be consumed for tenement density of more
than 650 tenements per hector in situ with prior Govt .
approval , as against 1.33 / 1.00 FSI available for general
sites.

19. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

Features.

> Every slum structure existing as on 1/1/1995 or prior
thereto is eligible for rehabilitation.

> 70% of the eligible slum dwellers in a slum can come
together to form a society for implementation of slum
rehabilitation scheme.

> Rehab tenement allotted to a slum dweller cannot be
sold for a period of 10 years from the date of allotment.
However it can be transferred to a legal heir with prior
permission of CEO(SRA).

> A sum of Rs. 20,000/- per tenement is recovered as
maintenance deposit from the developer for subsidizing
the monthly maintenance of the rehab building.

20. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

Features...

Built Up Area / FSI Allowed

For every 1.0 sq.mt. of rehab component construction,
sale built up area allowed is ......

1.33 sq.mt.

CAC LIN LE, Y LEE
Max. FSI consumption allowed on plot is 3

20

21. Statistic of Slum Rehabilitation

schemes

Particular

33(10)

3.11

33(14)D

Total

SRA
scheme
sanctioned

1160 nos

50 nos

75 nos

1285 nos

No of
tenement
approved in
the scheme

328155 nos

124656 nos

7876 nos

460687 nos

No of
tenement
allotted

76618 nos

75719 nos

1685 nos

154022 nos

22. 1.

\

Objects of scheme

Protection of slum dweller existed as on 1/1/1995

Rehabilitation of protected slum dwellers in permanent tenement.
Rehab Tenement free of cost.

No Financial burden on Government

Upgrading living standards and eradicating slum

8 lacs families were targeted to be rehab

Empowering the slum dwellers

23. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

2. Status as against object

> 2031 slum pockets were identified

> Approximate 12 lacs families living in slum as against 8 lacs targeted
> 1.54 lacs tenements constructed so far.

> 125907 tenements were occupied

3 lacs tenements are in pipeline.

\

Rs. 583 crores revenue generated for MCGM & MHADA

\

24. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

3. Issues for not Achieving Object

+ Private land owner's are neither submitting scheme nor giving
consent for the scheme

# To obtain 70% consent.

++ To deal with non consented member

++ To deal with consented but non-co-operative member.

+ Change of developer (u/s. 13(2) of Slum Act by the slum dweller.
+ Non-performing developer (partner's dispute)

% Delay /Non-issuance of certified Annexure-II from Competent
Authority to land owning authority i.e. MHADA, MCGM etc.

25. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

3. Issues for not Achieving Object

# C.R.Z. Area.

++ NOC from Civil Aviation Deptt./Navy/Defence/Wireless Station
etc.

# NOC from M.O.E.F.

# NOC from Archaeological survey of India

++ No policies for Central Govt. Land.

++ Provision of regulation 2.8

++ Eviction of large nos. of non eligible slum dwellers (33/38)

+ Acquisition of land

26. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

3. Issues for not Achieving Object

# Structure protection & transfer policy.

+ SR. Scheme in difficult arcs fully area)

+ Delay ta dispacel of appeals regarding eligibility of slancdedies.
+ Scheme on R.G./P.G. (D.P. Reservation).

++ Commercial unit having more area are eligible only upto 22:
sq.ft. irrespective of their more area & planning constraints.

+ Non-availability of adequate transit camps or alternate
accommodation for slum dwellers.

27. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

3. Issues for not Achieving Object
# Various departmental competent authorities.
+ Improper allotment of FSI as per density.

* Sanction of Govt. for FSI 4.00

+ For ongoing proposal & planning constrain due to new provision
of parking.

* Problem in raising of finance.

* Area of balwadi, Welfare centre & society office.

28. Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

3. Issues for not Achieving Object

* Identification of beneficiaries under 3.11 scheme

* Vacant tenement under 3.11 (scheme to be executed by MCGM)
+ FSI 2.5 for 33(14).

+ Allowed only on Govt. and Govt. undertaking Land in City area
under 33(14).

+ Land rate difference of 100% for clubbing of scheme under
33(14).

29. 4.Way Forwards

Slum Rehabilitation Scheme

Policy regarding slum on Land belongs to central govt.
CRZis to be consider at par with residential zone.

Slum area is to be considered as a residence zone into new
proposed DP.

Granting Incentive FSI for construction of affordable housing

Allowing 33(14) scheme in island city area on non-government
land

Fast & one time disposal of Annexure II for S.R. Schemes
Non-Eligible slum dweller : Policy for Hybrid scheme.

Modifications in DCR 33(10) appendix IV & 33(14).